Abstract: An improved washer for removing impurities or other substances from a porous mat disposed over a vacuum head. As disclosed, in connection with an industrial paper making process, the porous mat is paper pulp and an elongate chamber, disposed axially above the drum, has a slot along its bottom with resilient downwardly extending skirts disposed around the edges of the slot. Water under pressure in the chamber is directed downward, and into the pulp mat. The resilient skirts prevent the wash water from flowing tangentially with respect to the mat so that the flow of water into the mat is essentially perpendicular to the mat. The chemicals within the mat are positively displaced by relatively clean wash water.

Abstract: A cylindrical shell has a conical bottom with a central outlet therein. A hollow central shaft is rotatably and vertically supported within the center of the shell and has attached thereto at least one heat exchange element including lower and upper radial tubes. Hollow rectangular ducts extend vertically between the upper and lower radial tubes. Heat exchange fluid flows from the upper end of the shaft, radially outwardly through the lower radial tubes, upwardly through the rectangular ducts, radially inwardly through the upper radial tubes, and to the upper end of the shaft.

Abstract: A multiflow rotary heat exchanger element of the type normally used for the continuous processing of various materials through heating, cooling and stirring includes a shaft arranged to rotate within a container and having on its periphery a plurality of planar coil sets, each formed of a number of individual tubular coils. The coils are interconnected to form separate plural conduits, through each of which a fluid passes continuously and simultaneously. The arrangement is such that, during operation, the temperature of a material being processed is uniform in any plane transverse to the container, but uniformly and progressively altered longitudinally of the container.

Abstract: A pan for the continuous boiling of various liquids under vacuum includes an enclosed vessel divided into a series of interconnected compartments or stages provided with heating elements. During operation, boiling of the material is effected under optimum conditions as it flows continuously through the various stages from the feed end to the discharge end of the pan.