Abstract: An optical device for rearranging wavelength channels in an optical network is disclosed. The optical device has a wavelength selective coupler having one input port and a plurality of output ports coupled to a plurality of input ports of an optical grating demultiplexor such as an arrayed waveguide grating. The wavelength channels in each of the input ports are dispersed by the demultiplexor and are directed to a plurality of output ports of the optical grating demultiplexor. As a result, at least one wavelength channel at each of the input ports of the optical grating demultiplexor is coupled into a common output port. The optical device is useful in passive optical networks wherein a same demultiplexor is used for simultaneous multiplexing and demultiplexing of wavelength channels.

Abstract: An unaddressed device installed inline in a path of an MPLS network can communicate a packet from within the MPLS network to an upstream device without knowledge of the necessary MPLS labeling by sending the packet intentionally in the wrong direction: downstream. To communicate to an upstream device, the unaddressed device sends a packet downstream into the MPLS network on the opposite side and through the opposite outgoing port from that which would be used for a packet sent to the same device in a non-MPLS network. This behavior forces the MPLS network, when it next inspects the packet, to re-label it with the correct labeling to route the packet on a path back upstream to the recipient device. In this manner, the MPLS architecture is used to redirect or loop back packets from an unaddressed inline device to the upstream device.

Abstract: A printing apparatus includes a magnetic rotatable roller with a smooth even outer surface for aligning magnetic flakes in a carrier, such as an ink vehicle or a paint vehicle to create optically variable images in a high-speed, linear printing operation. Images can provide security features on high-value documents, such as bank notes. Magnetic flakes in the ink are aligned using magnetic portions of the roller, that can be formed by permanent magnets embedded in a non-magnetic roller body, or selectively magnetized portions of a flexible magnetic cover of the roller. In some embodiments, the roller is assembled for a plurality of interchangeable sections, which can include spinning magnets. Selected orientation of the magnetic pigment flakes can achieve a variety of illusive optical effects that are useful for decorative or security applications.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical device including a passive high confinement waveguide, such as of silicon-rich silicon nitride, on an electro-optic substrate, like lithium niobate, optically coupled to a waveguide in the electro-optic substrate. A wide range of electro-optic devices are enabled by this high confinement waveguide structure, including: directional couplers, compact tap couplers, folded electro-optic devices, electro-optic modulators including ring resonators, electro-optic gratings. Further applications enabled by the present invention include hybrid passive planar lightwave circuits (PLC) integrated with electro-optically active waveguides, using the high confinement waveguide as an intermediary waveguide to transfer optical power between the passive and active components.

Abstract: Protocol analyzers systems and methods coordinate the capture of network data of interest across multiple chassis. Each chassis has individual blades with accompanying ports and is serially connected to other chassis in the system. Selected ports from each chassis are configured in domains that can be spread across the serially connected chassis and used in coordination to capture network data of interest. A serial protocol containing control signals is used to transmit run, stop, and trigger data between the serially connected chassis and thereby coordinate the activity of ports within each domain. Through the use of the serial protocol the number of wires connecting adjacent chassis is minimized and each of the blades in the multi-chassis systems can be synchronously started, stopped, and triggered at the same time to synchronously capture the network data of interest.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for measuring Hum on a digital QAM carrier using a testing device for testing digital TV signals including a QAM demodulator therein, and to a testing device implementing the method. A controller is used to sample a register associated with a final AGC stage in a QAM demodulator, and to process the collected register values to obtain one or more Hum characteristics. In one embodiment, a circular buffer is used to collect aligned sequences of AGC samples that have a pre-determined feature of time-domain Hum at a specified position therein. The aligned AGC sequences are then correlated to assess causes of Hum.

Abstract: A protocol analyzer for analyzing traffic on a bus. A tap card is used to tap into a bidirectional bus. The tap provides a pass through connection from the card to the host and taps off of the bus. While tapping off the bus, stubs lengths are minimized and input capacitance is minimized. A repeater that preferably has no internal termination provides a differential input and a differential output. The bus lines are input to one of the inputs in the differential inputs and a reference voltage is provided to the other differential input. The reference voltage enables the tap to determine if the data is high or low. A jumper is also included in the tap such that the reference voltage can be selected from the host or from the pod.

Abstract: A periodically poled optical waveguide comprising a nonlinear optical crystalline material is provided having poled optical domains slanted with respect to direction of propagation of light within the waveguide. Light reflected from slanted poled optical domains does not couple efficiently back into the optical waveguide, which facilitates reduction of backreflection towards a semiconductor laser source coupled to the waveguide. Reduction of backreflections facilitates stable operation of the semiconductor laser source. A method of manufacturing of a periodically poled optical waveguide with slanted poled domains is also provided.

Abstract: A plurality of flakes are provided that can be used in ink or paint wherein the flakes are of a size that requires magnification to see their shape. The flakes are in the form of regular polygons, such as squares, triangle or rectangles. A breaking or grinding process is used to break a foil into these shaped flakes and frames or walls are provided within the foil sheet so as to delineate the shapes and these lines provided by frames or walls will facilitate breakage in a preferred manner such that the flakes break into selected shaped polygons. Due to the breakage or grinding process, small remnants are typically still present on the shaped flakes as a result of the way in which the foil and flakes are broken, however with magnification, one can see the resultant regular polygonal shape. To clearly see the remnants one requires increased magnification and the remnant itself provides a type of signature. It can be seen as a taggent within a taggent.

Abstract: An electro-optic device is disclosed, in which an RF signal electrode is used as a bias ground electrode. Thus, for Z-cut lithium niobate electro-optic crystals, there is no need to place a buried bias electrode under the RF signal electrode and over the optical waveguide. As a result, both optical and the RF wave propagation losses are reduced. In another embodiment, a buried bias electrode is placed over the optical waveguide between two buffer layers having a different electrical conductivity. The buffer layer underneath the buried bias electrode has a larger electrical conductivity than the buffer layer above the buried bias electrode. The buffer layer underneath the buried bias electrode reduces the optical loss penalty due to the buried bias electrode located above the optical waveguide, while the buffer layer above the bias electrode reduces leakage currents.

Abstract: A source host comprising a processing resource that supports a kernel space and a user space. A socket layer is supported by the kernel space and allows a measurement application residing in the user space to instruct a protocol layer to form a plurality of UDP test packets for transmission, from the source host, to a destination node in a communications network. The plurality of test packets employ source-based routing and an alternative congestion control algorithm is implemented by the protocol layer to that supported by the communications network.

Abstract: A load tester is configured to generate traffic streams for testing a network. The traffic streams can include one or more stream objects. Each stream object can be characterized by a unique identifier and can include a fixed number of frames. The frames can share the same S_ID and D_ID while being characterized by a unique sequence count. The load tester can receive a plurality of frames, all or some of which belong to a stream object, and analyze the received frames in real-time to identify the occurrence of one or more errors such as out-of-order frame errors, dropped frame errors, and misdirected frame errors. The different types of errors can be individually recorded.

Abstract: Preparation of network data for analysis. An original frame representing a frame transmitted in a communications link can be received wherein the original frame comprises a payload. At least a portion of the payload can be removed from the original frame. Statistics can be inserted into the original frame to generate a modified frame. Original frames can be removed and not transmitted to an analysis system. A modified frame can represent several original frames that are removed. Additional frames can be generated. A frame can be generated that represents several original frames that have been removed. A generated frame or modified frame can indicate errors and/or preprocessing by a logic device.

Abstract: An optically variable device is disclosed having a substrate with an array of pyramidal structures formed upon it or within it. The structures are coated with an optically variable color-shifting coating. Each of the structures form a pyramidal-like having at least three slanted faces and wherein one or more colors seen when viewing the pyramids vary as substrate is rotated at least 30 degrees about an axis orthogonal to the substrate. In order to see a color shift the device is rotated around the surface normal of the substrate, while keeping the angle of incidence to the light source the same, and keeping the viewing angle the same. Various forms of pyramids may be used, however pyramids with planar faces are most suitable.

Abstract: An optically variable device is disclosed having a substrate with an array of pyramidal structures formed upon it or within it. The structures are preferably formed by printing pyramids with an optically variable color-shifting ink using an Intaglio-like printing process. Alternatively the structure can be formed by embossing a layer of ink with positive pyramids so as to yield an array of positive embossed pyramids. Each of the structures form a pyramidal-like having at least three slanted faces and wherein one or more than one color is seen when viewing the pyramids vary as substrate is rotated at least 30 degrees about an axis orthogonal to the substrate. In order to see a color shift the device is rotated around the surface normal of the substrate, while keeping the angle of incidence to the light source the same, and keeping the viewing angle the same. Various forms of pyramids may be used, however pyramids with planar faces are most suitable.

Abstract: In an OSS, storing a plurality, typically less than all, of name-value pairs from a sample space and calculating a “representative” value based on values in the entire sample space. Optionally, a “remainder” value can be generated based on name-value pairs in the sample space that were not stored as part of the plurality of name-value pairs. Displays may be generated based on the top “M” name-value pairs, with “M” typically being set by the user at some number less than “M.

Abstract: A networking system is provided. The networking system may include a diagnostic module. The diagnostic module may include one or more statistics modules. The diagnostic module may include a routing module configured to route messages to the statistics modules. The messages may be derived from network messages from an aggregated link.

Abstract: The invention relates to an integrated anode and activated reactive gas source for use in a magnetron sputtering device and a magnetron sputtering device incorporating the same. The integrated anode and activated reactive gas source comprises a vessel having an interior conductive surface, comprising the anode, and an insulated outer body isolated from the chamber walls of the coating chamber. The vessel has a single opening with a circumference smaller that that of the vessel in communication with the coating chamber. Sputtering gas and reactive gas are coupled through an input into the vessel and through the single opening into the coating chamber. A plasma is ignited by the high density of electrons coming from the cathode and returning to the power supply through the anode. A relatively low anode voltage is sufficient to maintain a plasma of activated reactive gas to form stoichiometric dielectric coatings.

Abstract: An oblique angle deposition is used to provide an A-plate optical retarder having at least one dense, form-birefringent layer. According to one embodiment, the dense, form-birefringent layer(s) are deposited as part of an FBAR stack to provide an all-dielectric full-function A/?C-plate trim retarder for LCD birefringence compensation. Advantageously, the dense structure of the full-function A/?C-plate trim retarder offers high durability and/or stability, thus making it well suited for providing polarization compensation in high light flux polarization-based projection systems.

Abstract: The invention relates to sources of optical radiation wherein polarized radiation from first and second rows of light emitters is first collimated and combined into two combined beam using first and second rows of collimating and beam re-directing elements, respectively, and then polarization multiplexed to form a polarization-multiplexed output beam. In order to reduce the footprint, emitters of the first and second emitter rows are disposed in an interleaved, staggered arrangement, and the second row of collimating and beam re-directing elements is disposed in a space between the first emitter row and the first row of collimating and beam re-directing elements.