Abstract: An electron device for single spin measurement, comprising: a semiconductor substrate into which at least one donor atom is introduced to produce a donor nuclear spin electron system having large electron wave functions at the nucleus of the donor atom. An insulating layer above the substrate. A first conducting gate on the insulating layer above the donor atom to control the energy of the bound electron state at the donor. A second conducting gate on the insulating layer adjacent the first gate to generate at least one additional electron in the substrate. In use, a single electron is bound to the donor, and the donor atom is weakly coupled to the additional electron(s) in the substrate. The gates are biased so that the additional electron(s) in the substrate will move to the donor, but only if the spins of the electrons and the donor electron or nucleus are in a relationship which permits the movement.

Abstract: Methods of production of desired recombinant proteins, polypeptides and peptides are disclosed which utilize mammalian host cells engineered for autonomous and regulated growth in low cost protein/serum-free culture media. Preferred host cells express insulin or an insulin-like growth factor, and/or transferrin and are engineered so that addition of an inducer (e.g., ZnCl2+CdCl2) halts growth and simultaneously induces the expression of the desired recombinant protein, polypeptide or peptide.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel nucleosides and nucleoside dimers containing an L-sugar in at least one of the nucleosides, and their pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: The method is provided for contact formation in semiconductor devices. The method involves forming an insulating layer over an active region to be contacted to, forming holes or openings in the insulating layer to expose the active region and forming an aluminium layer over the insulating layer. A source of non-crystalline semiconductor material or damaged crystalline material is located in contact with the aluminium layer such that the non-crystalline or damaged crystalline material is dissolved in the aluminium layer and redeposited on the surface of the semiconductor material to be contacted to. The semiconductor material is deposited by solid phase epitaxial growth and carries with it, aluminium atoms which leave the semiconductor material as heavily doped p-type material.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of inhibiting the proliferation of cells. The method comprises inhibiting induction or decreasing expression of Egr-1 or decreasing the nuclear accumulation or activity of the Egr-1 gene product. The present invention also provides a method of reducing the incidence of restenosis in a subject. The method comprises administering to the subject an agent which inhibits induction or decreases expression of Egr-1 or decreases the nuclear accumulation or activity of the Egr-1 gene product.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nucleotide sequence encoding carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II of Plasmodium falciparum. Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II catalyses the first committed and rate-limiting step in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. P. falciparum relies exclusively on pyrimidine synthesis de novo because of its inability to salvage pyrimidines. Mature human red blood cells, however, have no recognized requirement for a pyrimidine nucleotide. Accordingly, this enzyme represents a prime chemotherapeutic locus. The present invention relates to the use of the sequence encoding carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II in the recombinant production of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II and to antisense molecules, ribozymes and other gene inactivation agents designed from this sequence.

Abstract: The present invention makes use of geometry of grooves formed in a substrate, to allow a dielectric layer to be deposited with some regions of the grooves having a substantially thinner layer deposited than top surfaces of the substrate. These regions of reduced thickness dielectric within the grooves are then prematurely etched by an appropriate chemical, or other, etchant capable of controllably etching away the dielectric layer, with the result that in these regions the silicon surface can be exposed and plated by a metallization while the top surface remains protected by the dielectric material. The remaining dielectric material can optionally be required to act as an anti-reflective coating. The invention is applicable in making buried contact solar cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of fabricating optical devices and in particular to a method of fabricating integrated opto-electronic devices, and to an opto-electronic device. A plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process (PECVD) is used to deposit an optical device integrated in silicon onto an electronic device fabricated in silicon. Relatively low temperatures are utilized and, in order to reduce losses of a waveguide in the optical device in the wavelength range 1.50 to 1.53 .mu.m, the deposition process is carried out in the absence of nitrogen. An optical device is disclosed which comprises an integrated construction incorporating an optical waveguide in silica and a photonic transducer in silicon.

Abstract: An antifouling composition that comprises an effective amount of a furanone of the structure shown and a suitable carrier therefor. In the figure, substituents R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an ether group containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an ester group containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a halogenated alkene containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms or R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 together may comprise an unsubstituted or a halogenated alkene containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms and R.sub.4 is a hydrogen or halogen atom, and a suitable carrier therefor.

Abstract: A four quadrant multiplier using multiple input floating-gate MOS transistors is provided. It is based on the square law characteristics of the MOS transistor and can be realised with only four floating gate MOS transistors, two resistors and a current source. The four floating gate transistors are configured with their sources connected in common and biased by a single current source. Output is taken between two common drain connections. Each transistor has three control gates with two being provided for selected ones of the two input signals and one for a biasing signal (optional). Input signals can be connected to the control gates in either a differential or single ended configuration. In one application, a programmable synaptic cell for neural networks employs the multi-input floating-gate MOS four-quadrant analog multiplier. Varying of the neural weight connection strength of each synaptic cell is achieved by two possible methods.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nucleotide sequence encoding carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II of Plasmodium falciparum. Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II catalyses the first committed and rate-limiting step in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. P. falciparum relies exclusively on pyrimidine synthesis de novo because of its inability to salvage pyrimidines. Mature human red blood cells, however, have no recognised requirement for a pyrimidine nucleotide. Accordingly, this enzyme represents a prime chemotherapeutic locus. The present invention relates to the use of the sequence encoding carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II in the recombinant production of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II and to antisense molecules, ribozymes and other gene inactivation agents designed from this sequence.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for separation of cells including a semi-permeable substrate to which a ligand is attached to its surface which is adapted to bind a desired cell type. The apparatus comprising a semi-permeable substrate in the form of an array of hollow fibres is provided internally with a ligand reactive to the desired cell type.

Abstract: The present invention relates to electrical conversion between electrical systems, e.g. inversion. An improved power converter is disclosed, which utilizes zero current switched and zero voltage stitched switching networks either side of a link. An operating state in which one network is disconnected from the link (a zero power flow state) results in an increase in efficiency.

Abstract: Conducting plastic electrodes and methods of preparing such electrodes are disclosed. The electrodes comprise a thermo-plastic polymer, an elastomeric polymer, and a conductive filler material.

Abstract: A combination comprises a device for receiving and for directing incoming light in a three dimensional manner to at least one predetermined location together with a solar cell. The device has two light reflecting surfaces and a total internal reflection surface. In operation, the total internal reflection surface transmits the incoming light into the device and totally internally reflects the light reflected from the surface which is incident at its surface at an angle within the range for total internal reflection. The reflection surfaces are operatively disposed with respect to one another so as to perform the function of a receiver/director by directing incoming light in a three dimensional manner to the rear surface of the solar cell.

Abstract: A semiconductor substrate material having a photovoltaic cell, a semiconductor substrate material having an integrated array of at least two photovoltaic cells in electrical series with one another, systems for the production of electricity and method for the production of electricity are disclosed. In the semiconductor substrate material (301) having a photovoltaic cell (303, 304), the photovoltaic cell comprises at least one first type groove (305, 306, 307) having walls doped with a first type dopant (308), the first type groove having a first conducting material in conducting electrical contact with the first type doped walls and at least one second type groove (310, 311, 312) having walls doped with a second type dopant, the second type groove having a second conducting material in conducting electrical contact with the second type doped walls.

Abstract: In-situ, nondestructive examination to test the efficacy of a riveted, bolted or bonded join of metal sheets, or to test whether a composite material is faulted, or to test whether a multi-layer patch is bonded properly, involves the creation of an interferometric hologram. A photographic film or plate is mounted closely above, and isolated vibrationally from a region of a structure containing the join, composite material or patch. The film or plate is illuminated by the expanded beam from a laser firstly when the structure is in a first state of stress, and secondly when the structure is in a second state of stress (the change in stress being sufficient to deform the region over which the film or plate is mounted). At each illumination, a diffraction pattern is produced in the emulsion of the plate or film by interference between the illuminating beam and that part of it which is reflected from the region. The two diffraction patterns combine to produce a fringe pattern in the emulsion.

Abstract: A process for the production of poly(alkylene oxide) which includes providing a polyhydroxy compound or compounds and an acid resin catalyst or a salt thereof that has been converted to the acid form; and reacting said polyhydroxy compound or compounds in the presence of said acid resin catalyst at a temperature and under conditions to allow polymerization.

Abstract: A polyurethane or polyurethane-urea elastomeric composition, characterized in that the composition is a reaction product of:(A) a soft segment macrodiol which is either:(i) a homopolymer represented by formula I,HO--[(CH.sub.2).sub.n O].sub.m --H Iwherein n represents an integer greater than 5 and less than 13, m is a number such that the number average molecular weight of the compound of formula I falls in the range from 218 to 5000 and optionally at least one hydrogen atom represented in formula I is substituted by a C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl group or a halogen atom;(ii) a copolymer containing at least 25% by mass of repeating units --(CH.sub.2).sub.n O-- wherein n is as defined in formula I above; or(iii) mixture of macrodiols comprising greater than 10% of a macrodiol as defined in formula I above;(B ) an aliphatic or aromatic diisocyanate known in the art of polyurethane manufacture; and(C) optionally a chain extender.

Abstract: Sodium type X zeolite crystals of a particle size of 50 .mu.m or more are grown from seed crystals at a rate of about 5 .mu.m per day in a mother liquor having an approximate composition 0.94 Na.sub.2 O, 0.011 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, and 0.200 SiO.sub.2 mol/kg by adding a fine silica powder, a somewhat coarser alumina powder, and sodium hydroxide from time to time. The addition rates are such as to maintain the mother liquor at a super-saturation level of less than 20% with respect to the alumina to avoid the formation of a gel. Throughout the growing period the mother liquor is stirred and maintained at a temperature of about 95.degree.C.