Abstract: A scaled-up multi-coaxial fiber bioreactor, and variations of this bioreactor. The device is characterized by a hollow housing and an array of from about 20 to about 400 modules of hollow fibers, where each module includes at least three coaxial semipermeable hollow fibers. The innermost fiber provides a boundary for an innermost compartment which is connected to inlet and outlet ports. Arranged coaxially around the central hollow fiber are several other hollow fibers with their respective compartments, each compartment defined by a respective annular space between adjacent fibers and each including inlet and outlet ports. An outermost compartment for permitting integral aeration is the space between the outer side of the outermost fibers and the inner side of the housing, and has inlet and outlet ports. The hollow housing has inlet and outlet manifolds and flow distributors for each of the compartments. In a preferred embodiment the bioreactor is used as an extracorporeal liver.

Abstract: A method for designing an integrated circuit having optical inputs and outputs includes the step of selecting an integrated circuit design which includes at least one circuit cell design for processing electric signals. The circuit cell design has a predetermined number of electric inputs and electric outputs. The integrated circuit design also includes a plurality of layers of metalization for providing electric coupling. After the electronic integrated circuit design is selected, a predetermined number of optical input devices are located on the circuit cell design in a first prearranged orientation. The predetermined number of optical input devices is no greater than the predetermined number of electric inputs to the circuit cell. Also after the electronic circuit design is selected, a predetermined number of optical output devices are located on the circuit cell design in a second prearranged orientation.

Abstract: Homologous recombination is employed to inactivate genes, particularly genes associated with MHC antigens. Particularly, the .beta..sub.2 -microglobulin gene is inactivated for reducing or eliminating Class I MHC antigens. The resulting cells may be used as universal donors. In addition, embryonic stem cells may be modified by homologous recombination for use in producing chimeric or transgenic mammalian hosts, which may be used as source of universal donor organs, or as models for drug and transplantation therapies.

Abstract: A method of controlling hyperlipidemia in mammals which comprises adminstering to a mammal an amount effective to control hyperlipidemia of a compound having hypolipidemic activity and the structural formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, which may be the same or different provided both are not hydrogen when R.sup.3 is an alkenyl or cycloalkenyl group, are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; alkyl of 1 to 18 carbons; substituted alkyl of 1 to 18 carbons; cycloalkyl of 4 to 10 ring carbon atoms; substituted cycloalky of 4 to 10 ring carbon stoms; alkoxy of 1 to 8 carbon atoms; amido; carbamoyl; acyloxy; alkoxycarbonyl; halogen, aryl and substituted aryl, or together R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 from a C.sub.3 to C.sub.7 alkylene group; andR.sup.3 is hydrogen; lower alkyl; substituted lower alkyl; cycloalkyl; substituted cyloalkyl; aryl; substituted aryl; a group --COR.sup.4 were R.sup.