Abstract: Polymerizing an ethylenically unsaturdated monomer in an aqueous medium can produce an aqueous polymer dispersion. The polymerization is in the presence of a dispersant and a metal-carbene complex. The polymerization can also optionally be in the presence of a dispersant, an organic solvent with low solubility in water, or both. The aqueous polymer dispersion resulting from the process can be used to make a polymer powder.

Abstract: Biradical initiators and methods using the same are disclosed. Polymerization of compositions which include the compounds of the invention may be activated by irradiating the composition with radiation.

Abstract: Aromatic maleimides and methods using the same are disclosed. Polymerization of compositions which include the compounds of the invention may be activated by irradiating the composition with radiation.

Abstract: Ophthalmic compositions containing biocompatible, bioadhesive polymerizable amphipathic mesophase materials useful for repairing retinal tissue tears or retinal detachments are disclosed. In one embodiment, the polymerizable materials, which comprise substituted fluoroalkyl or perfluoroalkyl monomers having anionic, cationic, and/or nonionic surface active functionality in the unsaturated fluorophobic ends, are polymerized in vivo to provide effective, long-lasting repair of torn, ruptured or detached retinal tissue. Ophthalmic applications of these materials are not limited to retinal repair.