Abstract: Method and apparatus for altering the physical characteristics of liquids and gases. The fluid is pumped into an elongated cylindrical chamber whose elongated wall contains a multiplicity of spaced apart cylindrical holes under sufficient pressure to cause the fluid to exit from the cylindrical holes as jets having an exit velocity of at least 0.025 feet (0.0076 m) per second. The jets of fluid exit from the cylindrical holes into an annular chamber surrounding the elongated cylindrical chamber and having a common axis as the elongated cylindrical chamber. The entire inner surface of the annular chamber is coated with an alloy of copper and nickel. The jets of fluid bombard the surfaces of the annular chamber to induce the copper-nickel alloy to give up electrons. The freed electrons combine with a significant number of molecules of the fluid to thereby alter the physical characteristics of the entire body of fluid.

Abstract: A clarification system for water having entrained in solution or as an emulsion, broad spectrum contaminants. The system comprises a collision chamber having an entry aperture and an ion collider disposed in a central region therein. The ion collider treats the water and the contaminants with a plurality of free electrons. A separation chamber is disposed rearwardly of the collision chamber and is in flow communication with a first overflow weir for receiving the treated water and treated contaminants. An upstanding member in the separation chamber has a plurality of apertures sized to urge passage of the bulk of the treated contaminants through the apertures. A clarifying chamber is disposed rearwardly of the separation chamber and has a plurality of baffle plates obliquely oriented that urge upward flow of the treated water therethrough across the baffle plates. A water collection reservoir is disposed rearwardly of the clarifying chamber and is in flow communication with the clarifying chamber.

Abstract: A method of increasing the amount of hydrocarbons that are recoverable from an underground reservoir into which an oil well has been drilled. The method includes first pumping a quantity of negatively charged water down the oil well and into the underground reservoir. Then a quantity of particles of a copper-nickel-zinc alloy are pumped down the oil well and into the underground oil reservoir. Optionally the alloy is followed by a quantity of frac sand pumped down the well and into the reservoir and followed by a sufficient volume of negatively charged water to flush the frac sand out of the well casing and wellbore and into the reservoir. The well is then shut-in to stabilize the particles of alloy and frac sand, if added, within the reservoir.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for separating immiscible solid or liquid particles such as oil from a liquid-based mixture or emulsion. The apparatus consists of two spaced apart concentric elongated metal cylinders. The wall of the innermost cylinder contains a multiplicity of spaced apart radially bored holes and its exit end is capped. The outer surface of the innermost cylinder and the inner surface of the outer cylinder consists of an alloy of copper and nickel. Liquid is pumped under pressure into the innermost cylinder causing a multiplicity of jets of liquid to issue from the holes in the inner cylinder wall to bombard the copper-nickel surface of the inner wall of the outer cylinder. Electrons freed from the copper in the wall combine with both liquid molecules and particle molecules, causing the particles to separate from the liquid.