Abstract: A method for initiating essentially complete oxidation of carbon monoxide, resulting from the oxidative removal of coke from spent FCC catalyst, to carbon monoxide in a dense-phase bed of catalyst maintained in a regeneration zone. Coke is oxidized at first oxidizing conditions including a temperature of from about 750.degree. F. to about 1250.degree. F. to produce partially spent regeneration gas and regenerated catalyst having a first carbon content. The essentially complete oxidation of carbon monoxide is initiated by: (a) increasing the coke on regenerated catalyst from the first carbon content to a second carbon content and then (b) passing to the dense bed fresh regeneration gas at a flow rate at least stoichiometrically sufficient to produce regenerated catalyst having a third carbon content, less than the first carbon content, and sufficient to produce spent regeneration gas.

Abstract: Pressure-sensitive flexible resistors comprising an elastomeric material containing a controlled resistive element or material are prepared by impregnating an elastomeric material such as a rubber with a semiconducting carbonaceous pyropolymeric inorganic refractory oxide material.

Abstract: The use of lightweight, elastomeric closed-cell foam elements can be of particular advantage in countercurrent flow gas-liquid contactors in order to provide aeratable non-breakable forms of mobile contacting surfaces. In particular, the use of elastomeric, spherical form, closed-cell foam elements made from heating and post curing a blend of nitrile polymer and polyvinyl chloride can provide resilience to preclude sphere breakage and also provide for softness and flexibility to effect self-cleaning characteristics.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them in a substantially sulfur-free environment at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with an acidic, sulfur-free trimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, a tin or lead component, a nickel component and a halogen component with a porous carrier material. The platinum group component, tin or lead component, nickel component, and halogen component are present in the trimetallic catalyst in amounts respectively, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % tin or lead, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % nickel, and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen.

Abstract: A processing system which can provide a continuous assembly-line procedure for placing a catalytic coating on ceramic honeycomb type members embodies the use of a plurality of pressure tight chambers such that each ceramic member can be vacuum treated and then rapidly coated, as well as pressure treated and air blown to effect rapid coating fluid removal and partial drying. After each coating operation, there is controlled drying and high temperature curing. Also, in a preferred controlled system, there is a weighing of each element before and after each coating step to determine an amount of coating retained for comparison with a predetermined standard.

Abstract: A fluid catalytic cracking process employing in combination a riser reaction zone and a CO-burning regeneration zone for the conversion of a feedstream comprising a residual oil to a distillate fuel.

Abstract: Heat transfer tubing adapted to be submerged in a liquid to be boiled as a result of transfer of heat from the interior of the tube to the liquid. The exterior of the tubing has elongated circumferentially extending confined spaces of substantially uniform cross-section and provided with effectively continuous circumferentially extending elongated restricted openings provided at circumferentially spaced zones with substantial enlargements.

Abstract: A dehydrogenatable hydrocarbon is dehydrogenated by contacting the hydrocarbon, hydrogen, and water or a water-producing substance, at dehydrogenation conditions, with a nonacidic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group metal component, a nickel component, a Group IVA metallic component, and an alkali or alkaline earth component with a porous carrier material. A specific example of the nonacidic, multimetallic catalytic composite disclosed herein is a combination of a platinum metal component, a nickel component, a germanium component, and an alkali or alkaline earth component with an alumina carrier material. The amounts of the catalytically active components contained in this last composite are, on an elemental basis, 0.01 to 2 wt. % platinum, 0.01 to 5 wt. % nickel, 0.01 to 5 wt. % germanium, and 0.1 to 5 wt % of the alkali or alkaline earth metal.

Abstract: A process for the separation of a para-isomer from a hydrocarbon feed stock containing alkyl-aromatic hydrocarbons having more than eight carbon atoms per molecule which employs a crystalline aluminosilicate adsorbent containing a particular cation or cations to selectively adsorb either a para-, meta-, or ortho- isomer from the feed stock. A feed stock contacts an adsorbent which allows one or more isomers from the feed stock to be selectively adsorbed by the adsorbent. The selectively adsorbed component is thereafter recovered from the adsorbent in a more pure form as compared to the other isomers in the feed stock. The process can be performed in both the liquid or vapor phase.

Abstract: Oxygen sensor incorporating a thin film electrolyte such as yttria stabilized zirconia sputtered onto a substrate produces an electrical signal in response to differences in oxygen partial pressures. The electrical signal changes rapidly enough for useful operation at temperatures which are substantially lower than those required by conventional oxygen sensors having a rigid, self-supporting thimble, tubular, or disc type electrolyte. For example, rapidly responding signals have been generated at temperatures below 200.degree. C whereas state of the art devices such as those used for sensing exhaust gases in automotive vehicles require temperatures higher than about 400.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the dehydrogenation of alkylaromatic hydrocarbons, such as ethylbenzene, in which a water stream formed by condensing and separating the effluent of the reaction zone is treated for the removal of alkenylaromatic hydrocarbons by passage through a liquid-liquid extraction zone, and the alkenylaromatic hydrocarbons are then recovered by admixing the extract stream with the effluent as part of the cooling performed before the effluent is passed into a liquid phase separation zone.

Abstract: A processing system which can provide a continuous assembly-line procedure for placing a catalytic coating on ceramic honeycomb type members embodies the use of a plurality of pressure tight chambers such that each ceramic member can be vacuum treated and then rapidly coated, as well as pressure treated and air blown to effect rapid coating fluid removal and partial drying. After each coating operation, there is controlled drying and high temperature curing. Also, in a preferred controlled system, there is a weighing of each element before and after each coating step to determine an amount of coating retained for comparison with a predetermined standard.

Abstract: A liftable housing form of pressure tight treating chamber is especially adapted to providing multiple stage treatments to catalyst support members, such as honeycomb-type elements, in order to place a catalytic coating on all of the interior surfaces of the multiple passageways through the elements. Power operated lifting of an open-bottomed housing permits the placement of members on sharp edged pin support means in the interior of the chamber such that passageways will not be blocked while the element is being subjected to vacuum, liquid coating, and air blowing stages.

Abstract: Chloro-substituted saturated compounds are prepared by condensing a saturated hydrocarbon containing at least 3 carbon atoms and a hydrogen atom attached to a secondary or tertiary carbon atom or to a carbon atom which is attached to an aromatic ring with a chloromonoolefin in which the chlorine is attached to a carbon atom other than a doubly-bonded carbon atom in the presence of a free-radical generating catalyst, preferably in the presence of a promoter comprising a hydrogen chloride compound.

Abstract: A membrane module is made from at least one pair of spaced membrane sheets that are interposed between spaced porous material sheets and all of the layers of sheets are in turn spirally wound around an axially positioned hollow mandrel that has at least one internal flow blocking means therein and side-wall openings connective to an internal portion of one of said porous sheets such that a first fluid flow can pass outwardly from a portion of the mandrel into a portion of the connecting porous layer and into the envelope resulting from the encompassing membranes and then back into another portion of the mandrel such that at least one out-to-in flow will be made through the membrane envelope, while a second fluid stream is passed through the next adjacent porous material layers to carry the fluid which has permeated through the membranes.

Abstract: An apparatus for the oxidation of coke from an FCC spent catalyst is disclosed which comprises in combination and particular arrangement a spent-catalyst receiving chamber for containing a dense-bed of fluidized catalyst in which chamber spent catalyst is oxidized to produce regenerated catalyst and partially spent regeneration gas; a transfer conduit through which said gas and said catalyst pass and in which carbon monoxide is essentially completely converted to carbon dioxide to produce spent regeneration gas and regenerated-catalyst at an increased temperature; an internal regenerated catalyst recycle means by which a portion of hot regenerated catalyst can be recycled from the transfer conduit to the spent-catalyst receiving chamber; a regenerated-catalyst receiving chamber for containing a dense-bed of regenerated catalyst and in which spent regeneration gas and regenerated catalyst are separated; and, an external regenerated-catalyst recycle means by which a portion of hot regenerated catalyst can be re

Abstract: A plastic laminate form of heating panel incorporating a layer of a semiconductive carbonaceous pyropolymer, consisting of carbon and hydrogen on a high surface area refractory inorganic oxide support, with the conductive pyropolymer positioned to at least one side of at least one laminate layer and a reflective metallic layer on the other side thereof such that radiant heat is controlled and directed outwardly in a desired manner to minimize energy being wasted by a "rearward" flow.

Abstract: An adsorptive separation process for separating ethylbenzene from a feed mixture comprising ethylbenzene and a plurality of xylene isomers, which process comprises contacting the feed mixture with an adsorbent comprising strontium exchanged type X or type Y zeolite, selectively adsorbing substantially all of the said xylene isomers to the substantial exclusion of the ethylbenzene and thereafter recovering high-purity ethylbenzene. A desorption step may be used to desorb the adsorbed xylene isomers. The process can be either in the liquid or vapor phase.

Abstract: A continuous catalytic reaction and catalyst reactivation process is carried out using a simulated moving catalyst bed to effect simultaneously in different zones of a multi-zone fixed catalyst bed an alkylation reaction of olefin and isoparaffin reactants and a reactivation of catalyst.

Abstract: A stoichiometric amount of aluminum is commingled with hydrochloric acid in an aqueous media to provide a final reaction mixture containing from about 10 to about 14 wt. % aluminum in from about a 1:1 to about 1.5:1 ratio with the chloride anion content thereof. The mixture is treated in the presence of a soluble salt of cobalt or nickel at conditions effecting substantially complete digestion of the aluminum.