Abstract: Manufacturing methods for the formation of positive electrodes and the balancing of Coulombic capacities of positive and negative electrodes for use in a heterogeneous electrochemical capacitor (HES) having a PbO2|H2SO4|C system. Exemplary methods make it possible to manufacture capacitors with both non-formed and pre-formed positive electrodes. Capacitors produced by the exemplary methods may be used, for example, as secondary power sources to level loads of power networks, power electric vehicles, cellular and mobile communications, emergency lighting systems, telecommunications, and solar and wind energy storage devices.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing polarizable electrode plates for use in an electrochemical capacitor having a high energy storage capacity. The plates are made of a dry activated carbon and modifying agent mixture combined with a binder. The plates are manufactured by mixing and grinding the mixture, combining the mixture with the binder to form a paste, removing free water from the paste, forming work pieces of desired dimensions from the paste, drying the work pieces, and then forming electrode plates from the work pieces by rolling without the use of processing liquids.

Abstract: Manufacturing methods for the formation of positive electrodes and the balancing of Coulombic capacities of positive and negative electrodes for use in a heterogeneous electrochemical capacitor (HES) having a PbO2|H2SO4|C system. Exemplary methods make it possible to manufacture capacitors with both non-formed and pre-formed positive electrodes. Capacitors produced by the exemplary methods may be used, for example, as secondary power sources to level loads of power networks, power electric vehicles, cellular and mobile communications, emergency lighting systems, telecommunications, and solar and wind energy storage devices.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of the synthesis of porous carbon materials and their use in the manufacture of electrodes with a double electric layer (DEL) for electrochemical capacitors having an aqueous and organic electrolyte having high specific energy parameters. The synthesis technology makes it possible to manufacture porous carbon powders made of carbohydrate substances with a low content of ash and metals in the powders with high specific capacitances and low specific electrical resistances.

Abstract: A current collector for use in an electric double layer electrochemical capacitor having a sulfuric acid electrolyte. The current collector uses a conducting carbon (e.g., graphite foil) basis with p-type conductivity. A protective film covers at least a portion of the graphite foil basis. The protective film is comprised of a conducting composite material made with a conducting carbon and a conducting organic polymer with p-type conductivity. The protective film is grown on the current collector basis such that it preferably fills the pores of the current collector basis. A lug portion of the current collector basis may be protected with an insulating polymer material.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods for the automatic charging of an electrochemical electrical energy storage device. Charging may be performed until a pre-assigned voltage increment value measured across the terminals of the storage device is reached. Recurrent periods of charging and rest may be employed, with measurements of voltage taken and voltage increment determined after the passage of an assigned quantity of electrical energy. Automatic completion of the charging process is provided for, irrespective of the design features and number of energy storage devices (e.g., capacitors) in a module, the initial state of charge and/or temperature of the storage device, or the value and/or time instability of the charging current.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the production of electrochemical capacitors with a DEL. The proposed electrodes with DEL are based on non-metal conducting materials, including porous carbon materials, and are capable of providing for high specific energy, capacity and power parameters of electrochemical capacitors. P-type conductivity and high concentration of holes in electrode materials may be provided by thermal, ionic or electrochemical doping by acceptor impurities; irradiating by high-energy fast particles or quantums; or chemical, electrochemical and/or thermal treatment. The present invention allows for an increase in specific energy, capacity and power parameters, as well as a reduction in the cost of various electrochemical capacitors with DEL. The proposed electrodes with DEL can be used as positive and/or negative electrodes of symmetric and asymmetric electrochemical capacitors with aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a current collector for use in a capacitor (e.g., a DEL capacitor) having an aqueous or non-aqueous electrolyte, such as an aqueous sulfuric acid electrolyte. The conductive basis of the current collector is preferably, but not necessarily, comprised of lead or a lead alloy. The portion of the conductive basis that will be in contact with the electrolyte is provided with a protective layer that is created by deposition of one or more layers of one or more protective coating materials thereto. Each protective coating material is comprised of at least a conductive carbon powder and a polymer binder that is resistant to the electrolyte. Preferably, but not essentially, the protective coating material(s) are applied to the conductive basis in the form of a paste, which is subsequently subjected to a solvent evaporation step and a thermal treatment step.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a current collector for use in a capacitor (e.g., a DEL capacitor) having an aqueous or non-aqueous electrolyte, such as an aqueous sulfuric acid electrolyte. The conductive basis of the current collector is preferably, but not necessarily, comprised of lead or a lead alloy. The portion of the conductive basis that will be in contact with the electrolyte is provided with a protective layer that is created by deposition of one or more layers of one or more protective coating materials thereto. Each protective coating material is comprised of at least a conductive carbon powder and a polymer binder that is resistant to the electrolyte. Preferably, but not essentially, the protective coating material(s) are applied to the conductive basis in the form of a paste, which is subsequently subjected to a solvent evaporation step and a thermal treatment step.

Abstract: An electrode and a DEL capacitor formed therewith. The electrode will typically be a polarizable electrode, and may be formed of an activated carbon material having a substantially zero ash percentage and a low percentage of transition metals. In constructing a DEL capacitor employing such an electrode, a non-polarizable electrode formed from a lead dioxide/lead sulfate compound is preferably also used. The DEL capacitor may utilize an acid-based electrolyte, such as an aqueous sulfuric acid electrolyte. Consequently, the present invention also includes a current collector that preferably comprises a base material formed from a lead or a lead compound and a protective coating material that is resistant to an acid-based electrolyte. Preferably, the protective coating material is formed from a polymer base and a conductive dope that may thereafter be applied to the current collector base material by a variety of methods.

Abstract: A current collector for use in a capacitor having an aqueous or non-aqueous electrolyte, such as an aqueous sulfuric acid electrolyte. The conductive basis of the current collector may be manufactured from a number of conductive metals but, preferably, is comprised of lead or a lead alloy. The portion of the conductive basis that will be in contact with the electrolyte is provided with a protective layer that is created by deposition of one or more layers of one or more protective coating materials thereto. Each protective coating material is comprised of at least a conductive carbon powder and a polymer binder that is resistant to the electrolyte. Preferably, but not essentially, the protective coating material(s) are applied to the conductive basis in the form of a paste, which is subsequently subjected to a solvent evaporation step and a thermal treatment step. The resulting protective layer is also substantially devoid of pores through which the electrolyte can permeate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the production of electrochemical capacitors with a DEL. The proposed electrodes with DEL are based on non-metal conducting materials, including porous carbon materials, and are capable of providing for high specific energy, capacity and power parameters of electrochemical capacitors. P-type conductivity and high concentration of holes in electrode materials may be provided by thermal, ionic or electrochemical doping by acceptor impurities; irradiating by high-energy fast particles or quantums; or chemical, electrochemical and/or thermal treatment. The present invention allows for an increase in specific energy, capacity and power parameters, as well as a reduction in the cost of various electrochemical capacitors with DEL. The proposed electrodes with DEL can be used as positive and/or negative electrodes of symmetric and asymmetric electrochemical capacitors with aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes.

Abstract: An electrode and a DEL capacitor formed therewith. The electrode will typically be a polarizable electrode, and may be formed of an activated carbon material having a substantially zero ash percentage and a low percentage of transition metals. In constructing a DEL capacitor employing such an electrode, a non-polarizable electrode formed from a lead dioxide/lead sulfate compound is preferably also used. The DEL capacitor may utilize an acid-based electrolyte, such as an aqueous sulfuric acid electrolyte. Consequently, the present invention also includes a current collector that preferably comprises a base material formed from a lead or a lead compound and a protective coating material that is resistant to an acid-based electrolyte. Preferably, the protective coating material is formed from a polymer base and a conductive dope that may thereafter be applied to the current collector base material by a variety of methods.

Abstract: A current collector for use in an electric double layer electrochemical capacitor having a sulfuric acid electrolyte. The current collector uses a conducting carbon (e.g., graphite foil) basis with p-type conductivity. A protective film covers at least a portion of the graphite foil basis. The protective film is comprised of a conducting composite material made with a conducting carbon and a conducting organic polymer with p-type conductivity. The protective film is grown on the current collector basis such that it preferably fills the pores of the current collector basis. A lug portion of the current collector basis may be protected with an insulating polymer material.

Abstract: A hybrid lead-acid battery/electrochemical capacitor electrical energy storage device. The lead-acid battery and electrochemical capacitor reside in the same case and are electrically connected. Preferably, a hybrid device of the present invention includes at least one non-polarizable positive electrode, at least one non-polarizable negative electrode, and at least one polarizable electric double layer negative electrode. Separators reside between the electrodes and the separators and electrodes are impregnated with an aqueous sulfuric acid electrolyte. A hybrid device of the present invention exhibits high power characteristics.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods for the automatic charging of an electrochemical electrical energy storage device. Charging may be performed until a pre-assigned voltage increment value measured across the terminals of the storage device is reached. Recurrent periods of charging and rest may be employed, with measurements of voltage taken and voltage increment determined after the passage of an assigned quantity of electrical energy. Automatic completion of the charging process is provided for, irrespective of the design features and number of energy storage devices (e.g., capacitors) in a module, the initial state of charge and/or temperature of the storage device, or the value and/or time instability of the charging current.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a double electric layer heterogeneous electrochemical supercapacitor (HES) and a method of manufacture. Single-cell or multi-cell versions of the HES can be produced. Output characteristics of the HES are optimized by carefully controlling particular parameters of the HES' design and construction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a double electric layer heterogeneous electrochemical supercapacitor (HES) and a method of manufacture. Single-cell or multi-cell versions of the HES can be produced. Output characteristics of the HES are optimized by carefully controlling particular parameters of the HES' design and construction.

Abstract: An electrode and a DEL capacitor formed therewith. The electrode will typically be a polarizable electrode comprised of an activated carbon material having a substantially zero ash percentage and a low percentage of transition metals. In constructing a DEL capacitor employing the electrode of the present invention, a non-polarizable electrode consisting of a lead dioxide/lead sulfate compound is preferably also used. The DEL capacitor may utilize an acid-based electrolyte, such as an aqueous sulfuric acid electrolyte. Consequently, the present invention also includes a current collector that preferably comprises a base material consisting of lead or a lead compound and a protective coating material that is resistant to an acid-based electrolyte. Preferably, the protective coating material is formed from a polymer base and a conductive dope that may thereafter be applied to the current collector base material by a variety of methods.

Abstract: A current collector for use in a capacitor having an aqueous or non-aqueous electrolyte, such as an aqueous sulfuric acid electrolyte. The conductive basis of the current collector may be manufactured from a number of conductive metals but, preferably, is comprised of lead or a lead alloy. The portion of the conductive basis that will be in contact with the electrolyte is provided with a protective layer that is created by deposition of one or more layers of one or more protective coating materials thereto. Each protective coating material is comprised of at least a conductive carbon powder and a polymer binder that is resistant to the electrolyte. Preferably, but not essentially, the protective coating material(s) are applied to the conductive basis in the form of a paste, which is subsequently subjected to a solvent evaporation step and a thermal treatment step. The resulting protective layer is also substantially devoid of pores through which the electrolyte can permeate.