Abstract: A method and a system are for compensating optical aberrations in a telescope. The method is applicable to a telescope wherein the element for receiving a primary beam is an image acquisition device (3), and involves using an algorithm without an image processing sensor for: a) detecting optical aberrations affecting the primary focus, by analyzing the images acquired by the image acquisition device (3), and b) calculating and generating first positional correction values, by processing the detected optical aberration values. The method also includes a step c) consisting in moving, in a controlled manner, the image acquisition device (3), applying suitable control signals generated from the first positional correction values. The system is suitable for implementing the proposed method.