Abstract: Disclosed herein is a system and a method for analyzing apparent random pathways, patterns, networks, or a series of events and characterizing these apparent random pathways, patterns, networks, or a series of events by constructal analysis. The resulting statistical values obtained can be used to compare the apparent random pathways, patterns, networks, or a series of events with other apparent random pathways, patterns, networks, or a series of events. The comparison can yield knowledge about the apparent random pathways, patterns, networks, or a series of events as well as the neighborhood or surroundings of the apparent random pathways, patterns, networks, or a series of events.

Abstract: A method of preparing periodic, semi-periodic, or semi-random polyethylene-co-acrylic acid or polyethylene-co-methacrylic acid involves polymerizing 1-alkoxyalkyl ester substituted ?,?-dienes, and/or 1-alkoxyalkyl ester substituted cycloalkenes via olefin metathesis reactions followed by hydrogenation of the alkylene units and subsequently hydrolyzed to the desired polyethylene-co-acrylic acid or polyethylene-co-methacrylic acid. The polyethylene-co-acrylic acid or polyethylene-co-methacrylic acid can then be converted to ionomers by exchange with a monomeric carboxylate salt.

Abstract: Silane functionalized polyaromatic polymers which may be prepared by reacting a polyaromatic polymer with a sulfonating agent and reacting the sulfonated polyaromatic polymer with a silane terminated coupling agent.

Abstract: Adenosine and xanthine derivatives, and compositions comprising those compounds, are potent selective agonists and antagonists of adenosine receptors. The derivatives and compositions are used to treat conditions, including certain cardiac arrhythmias.