Abstract: Methods and apparatus for subtractively fabricating three-dimensional structures relative to a surface of a substrate and for additively depositing metal and dopant atoms onto the surface and for diffusing them into the bulk. A chemical solution is applied to the surface of the semiconductor substrate, and a spatial pattern of electron-hole pairs is generated by projecting a spatial pattern of illumination characterized by a specified intensity, wavelength and duration at each pixel of a plurality of pixels on the surface. Charge carriers are driven away from the surface of the semiconductor on a timescale short compared to the carrier recombination lifetime. Such methods are applied to creating a spatially varying doping profile in the semiconductor substrate, a photonic integrated circuit and an integrated photonic microfluidic circuit.

Abstract: This application provides fluidic devices, such as microfluidic devices, which can be used for the creation and/or manipulation of droplets in droplet-based microfluidic systems, as well as systems and methods for using the same. The microfluidic devices can be used to generate droplets, extract or inject volume to droplets, and/or split droplets. Also provided are methods for generating nucleosomes, and isolated DNA from nucleosomes (or from non-nucleosomes), for example using the disclosed devices.

Abstract: Various methods and devices for spatial molecular analysis from tissue is provided. For example, a method of spatially mapping a tissue sample is provided with a microarray having a plurality of wells, wherein adjacent wells are separated by a shearing surface; overlaying said microarray with a tissue sample; applying a deformable substrate to an upper surface of said tissue sample; applying a force to the deformable substrate, thereby forcing underlying tissue sample into the plurality of wells; shearing the tissue sample along the shearing surface into a plurality of tissue sample islands, with each unique tissue sample island positioned in a unique well; and imaging or quantifying said plurality of tissue sample islands, thereby generating a spatial map of said tissue sample. The imaging and/or quantifying may use a nucleic acid amplification technique.

Abstract: A plantar surface pressure offloading system includes an insole capable of coupling with a shoe and interfacing with a foot. A number of compressible bladders and pressure sensors are coupled to the insole. Each bladder has an adjustable compressibility, and each pressure sensor is configured to measure a pressure exerted on a respective portion of the foot. A controller of the system can perform, for each compressible bladder, a compressibility adjustment process including (i) receiving, from a respective pressure sensor associated with a respective bladder, a signal indicative of a pressure exerted on a respective portion of the foot, (ii) determining, based on the signal, that the pressure exerted on the respective portion of the foot exceeds a threshold pressure, and (iii) responsive to the determination, adjusting the compressibility of the respective bladder, thereby offloading pressure from the respective portion of the foot to a different portion of the foot.

Abstract: An integrated circuit is a layered device, on a semiconductor substrate, which contains metal electrodes that sandwich a piezoelectric layer, followed by a magnetostrictive layer and a metal coil. The metal electrodes define an electrical port across which to receive an alternating current (AC) voltage, which is applied across the piezoelectric layer to cause a time-varying strain in the piezoelectric layer. The magnetostrictive layer is to translate the time-varying strain, received by way of a vibration mode from interaction with the piezoelectric layer, into a time-varying electromagnetic field. The metal coil, disposed on the magnetostrictive layer, includes a magnetic port at which to induce a current based on exposure to the time-varying electromagnetic field generated by the magnetostrictive layer.

Abstract: A resonator is provided that includes opposing mirrors arranged substantially parallel to each other and separated to confine reflections for gain. A gain medium is between the opposing mirrors. A pump pumps the gain medium. At least one microrefractive element, or tens, hundreds, thousands, millions or more, stabilizes the resonator. The refractive element is disposed between the opposing mirrors and is configured to support a laser beam at a position of the refractive element. A method for producing laser light directs pump light onto one or a plurality of microrefractive elements. Reflections from the one or a plurality of microrefractive elements are confined in a resonator volume. Gain is provided in the resonator volume. Laser energy is emitted from the resonator volume.

Abstract: Sensing compositions, sensing element, sensing systems and sensing devices for the detection and/or quantitation of one or more analytes. Compositions comprising carbon nanotubes in which the carbon nanotubes retain their ability to luminesce and in which that luminescence is rendered selectively sensitive to the presence of an analyte. Compositions comprising individually dispersed carbon nanotubes, which are electronically isolated from other carbon nanotubes, yet which are associated with chemical selective species, such as polymers, particularly biological polymers, for example proteins, which can interact selectively with, or more specifically selectivity bind to, an analyte of interest. Chemically selective species bind, preferably non-covalently, to the carbon nanotube and function to provide for analyte selectivity. Chemically selective species include polymers to which one or more chemically selective groups are covalently attached.

Abstract: Methods for forming bonded assemblies using metal inverse opal and cap structures are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method for forming a bonded assembly includes positioning a substrate against a polymer support that is porous, depositing a metal onto and within the polymer support, disposing a cap layer to the polymer support opposite of the substrate to form a bottom electrode, and removing the polymer support from between the substrate and the cap layer to form a metal inverse opal structure disposed therebetween.

Abstract: Provided are compounds of formulae provided herein. The compounds may include pathway-preferential estrogens (PaPEs) derivatives with tissue-selective activities. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, as well as methods of treating a disease or condition including administering the compounds. The disease or condition may include postmenopausal symptoms, cardiovascular disease, stroke, vascular disease, bone disease, metabolic disease, arthritis, osteoporosis, obesity, vasomotor/hot flush, cognitive decline, cancer including breast cancer.

Abstract: This invention is benzothiophene-based selective mixed estrogen receptor downregulators and their compositions and uses to treat estrogen-related disorders.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for detection of an analyte in a sample, comprising contacting a biological sample with a biosensor comprising a container or substrate and a gold (III) chloride gel comprising a plurality of gold chloride nanoparticles, determining an optical condition for the sample, and detecting a concentration of the analyte in the sample based on the optical condition. The method can be used for diagnosing an eye condition in a subject. The present disclosure also provides biosensors and kits for the detection of an analyte.

Abstract: Provided herein are HIV-1 Env proteins or fragments thereof comprising one or more amino acid mutations; and nucleic acid molecule encoding the same. Further provided is a method of screening a compound for binding to one or more mutant HIV-1 Env proteins; and methods for eliciting an immune response against an HIV-1 infected cell, comprising administering to a subject an amount of a mutant HIV-1 Env protein, a fragment thereof a mutant HIV-1 Env trimeric complex, or portion thereof, effective to elicit an immune response in the subject. Further provided is a pharmaceutical composition, such as a vaccine, comprising the mutant HIV-1 Env protein or fragment thereof.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for the controlled, independent modification of the surface of magnesium-based materials and compositions generated thereby. The methods allow for the alteration of multiple surface characteristics including generation of precise nanostructures, morphology, crystallography, chemical hybridizations and chemical composition for controlled bioresorption and/or increased biocompatibility, for example, osseointegration, hydroxyapatite formation, osseoconduction, cell adhesion, cell proliferation, enhanced local mechanical properties (elasticity, modulus, surface texture, porosity), hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, steric hindrance, modulating-immuno response, anti-inflammatory properties and/or anti-bacterial properties.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods of expanding T regulatory cells through OX40L and Jagged-1 induced signaling. The methods can be used for treating autoimmune diseases.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems and methods for the controlled surface modification of a material substrate, including, for example, generation of nanostructures, crystallographic or morphologic alterations and the removal of defects, changes in chemical composition and bond structure and the creation of thermodynamic metastable states. The provided systems and methods utilize one or more directed energetic particle beams with independently controlled parameters (e.g. incident angle, fluence, flux, energy, species, etc.) to precisely and efficiently generate enhanced surface properties beyond those of conventional plasma kinetic roughening.

Abstract: High aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) activity has emerged as a reliable marker for the identification of both normal and cancer stem cells. Herein, is presented AlDeSense, a turn-on green fluorescent probe for aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) and Ctrl-AlDeSense, a matching non-responsive reagent. AlDeSense exhibits a 20-fold fluorescent enhancement when treated with ALDH1A1. Through the application of surface marker antibody staining, tumorsphere assays, and assessment of tumorigenicity, the disclosed results show that cells exhibiting high AlDeSense signal intensity have properties of cancer stem cells. Herein, is also reported the development of a red congener, red-AlDeSense. Importantly, red-AlDeSense represents one of only a few examples of a turn-on sensor in the red region using the d-PeT quenching mechanism.

Abstract: Modified peptides based on C-terminal PDZ binding domains of PTEN and PHLPP, or PDK1 interacting fragment of PKN2 are described as are methods of using the modified peptides for blocking the activity of PTEN, PHLPP and PKN2 and treating sudden cardiac arrest. A method for guiding treatment of cardiac arrest based on sorbitol or taurine levels is also provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a device and method for producing low-frequency magnetic-field signals to enable long-range wireless communication through conductive media. The magnetic-field signals can be generated by mechanically moving permanent magnets. In some examples, transmitters are capable of transmitting signals in the ultra-low and very-low frequency ranges (e.g., 100 Hz-30 kHz), utilizing a small amount of power.

Abstract: A nonreciprocal device includes a waveguide through which waves at a first frequency propagate with a first wavevector and with a second wavevector in a direction opposite to the first wavevector; a frequency-dependent device that operates within a frequency range and modifies the waves through the waveguide in a way that is dependent on the first frequency; and a set of couplers to couple the waveguide and the frequency-dependent device. Coupling rates of the set of couplers are modulated to enable nonreciprocal coupling, with respect to the frequency-dependent device, of the first wavevector compared to the second wavevector.

Abstract: Systems and methods provide a nonreciprocal nanophotonic modulator. In some examples, the modulator utilizes acoustic pumping, instead of optical pumping with lasers, and is capable of achieving GHz bandwidth.