Abstract: Systems and methods for recovering and managing location information in mobile communication networks using a fast recovery protocol and load balanced query and update processes. According to the fast recovery protocol, if a location update processor does not receive a message from a global database server acknowledging receipt by the global database server of a location update message after a predetermined retry interval has elapsed since the location update message was sent by the location update processor, the location update processor sends a location update retry message after each predetermined retry interval elapses until the location update processor receives an acknowledgement message from the global database server. The global database server can use the location update retry messages and the predetermined retry interval to recover from a database or link failure. The recovery period using the fast recovery protocol is bounded by the predetermined retry interval.

Abstract: The invention provides the nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence for the enzyme carboxylic acid reductase isolated from bacteria. Expression cassettes, vectors, transformed cells, and variants are also provided as methods for use of recombinant biocatalytic reagents in production of synthetic, aromatic, aliphatic and alicyclic aldehydes and alcohols.

Abstract: The invention provides the nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence for the enzyme carboxylic acid reductase isolated from bacteria. Expression cassettes, vectors, transformed cells, and variants are also provided as methods for use of recombinant biocatalytic reagents in production of synthetic, aromatic, aliphatic and alicyclic aldehydes and alcohols.

Abstract: A process for preparing compounds of formula (1): including the convergent steps as defined in the specification, and wherein R groups have any of the values defined in the specification. The invention also provides processes and intermediates useful for preparing compounds of formula (1).

Abstract: Novel polypeptides having lymphocyte stimulating factor activity are disclosed, as well as the use thereof for treating African sleeping sickness. Also, the corresponding nucleic acid sequences are provided as well as truncated forms which encode polypeptides exhibiting enhanced biological activity.

Abstract: A circuit and method provides for optimal packet dropping to directly control consecutive packet loss (also called "average packet gap") in a packet buffer. The circuit and method can be used in a packet switched system having either a single packet class or multiple packet classes. The invention can be used at any point of the packet switched system, e.g., source buffers, switching node buffers, and destination buffers. A detailed proof shows that depending on configuration, the packet dropping policy is optimal for either minimizing or maximizing the average packet gap. More generally, the circuit and method can be used for controlling the source gaps created in any service system with a finite buffer. When a subset of customers from an ordered sequence of customers must be denied service due to to system overflow.

Abstract: The process of direct synthesis of trifluoromethyl copper and trifluoromethyl aromatics, both intermediate reagents useful in direct synthesis of certain perfluoroalkyl compounds. The process involves a direct reaction between on the one hand an aromatic halide and a difluorodihalomethane and on the other hand copper and a difluorodihalomethane.

Abstract: An ophthalmic gel for topical application to the conjunctival sac of the eye. The gel comprises an ophthalmic drug carried in a gel which provides good ocular retention while avoiding burst release of medicament and yet at the same time providing controlled release of the medicament. The gel contains in combination sodium carboxymethyl-cellulose and colloidal magnesium aluminum silicate. A combination of these ingredients in the gel provides the desired effects.