Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and a method. Spin-splitting is induced at a superconductor and spin-polarization facilitated for tunneling across a tunnel barrier so that electric current across the tunnel barrier between a conductor and the superconductor flows primarily in one direction.

Abstract: An electromagnetic sensor for use in a variety of applications requiring extremely high sensitivity, such as measuring power and characteristics of incident electromagnetic radiation includes a superconducting layer that carries an exchange field for providing a spin splitting effect of charge carriers in the superconducting layer, a metal electrode, and an insulating layer arranged between the superconducting layer and metal electrode to form a spin filter junction therebetween. The electromagnetic sensor provides an antenna including a wave collecting element, in contact with the superconducting layer to convey thereinto external electromagnetic waves that are generated by an external source.

Abstract: An electromagnetic sensor for use in a variety of applications requiring extremely high sensitivity, such as measuring power and characteristics of incident electromagnetic radiation includes a superconducting layer that carries an exchange field for providing a spin splitting effect of charge carriers in the superconducting layer, a metal electrode, and an insulating layer arranged between the superconducting layer and metal electrode to form a spin filter junction therebetween. The electromagnetic sensor provides an antenna including a wave collecting element, in contact with the superconducting layer to convey thereinto external electromagnetic waves that are generated by an external source.

Abstract: A data processor maintains an electronic exercise program, which defines exercise sessions defining exercise sets for a subject on one or more exercise apparatuses. The data processor makes a selection (306) between an exercise set (320) and a performance test (308). If a set is selected, instructions relating to the set are given. Each repetition is detected, a risk of injury is assessed, and if a threshold is exceeded, instructions for reducing likelihood for injury are given. Repetitions are counted until detection of a last repetition in the set (410). Feedback is given after the last repetition. If a performance test (308) is selected, instructions relating to the test are given. Subject's performance is monitored until termination of the test. After the test, the exercise program (310) is adapted based on the monitored performance data.

Abstract: Various embodiments for enabling and protecting execution of encrypted electronic content in a client system. In various embodiments, there is a method for managing the state of the cache memory of the client system. In various embodiments, there is a method for protocol stack validation to confirm readiness of the client system to execute encrypted electronic content. In various embodiments, there is a method for protocol stack execution.