Abstract: The invention provides for methods for the synthesis of various compounds through reaction of carboxamide, or carboxamide derivatives, with various substituted or unsubstituted haloalkanols in a one-step, single vessel, reaction mechanism. Preferably, but not exclusively, the reaction proceeds in the absence of any solvents, catalyst, base, or any further reagents.

Abstract: This invention relates to the isolation, and use of a plant extract in the treatment of skin hyper-pigmentation. More particularly, this invention relates to the isolation of a tyrosinase inhibitor in an extract of plant matehal from the Greyia radlkoferi (G. radlkoferi) plant, the extract including 5,7-dihidroxyflavone[(2S)-pinocembrin]; 2?,6?-dihydroxy-4?-methoxydihydrochalcone; 2?,4?,6?-trihydroxyhydrochalcone; 3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone and 4?,5?7-thhydroxyisoflavone.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a method and system implementing same for identifying and/or measuring an orientation mismatch and/or relative angular velocity between at least two spaced apart stations, the first and second stations having first and second reference frames, respectively, as well as a method and system implementing same for aligning reference frames. The method comprises receiving, at the second station, a reference signal from the first station, the reference signal having a predetermined coding associated with the first reference frame, and splitting the signal into first and second components with respect to the second reference frame by way of an optical device. The method then comprises measuring first and second intensities of the first and second components, and using the measured first and second intensities to determine an approximate angle of deviation, if any, between first and second reference frames. The determined angle may be used to correct the deviation.

Abstract: This invention relates to decorrelation of signals in order to improve coding gains of wireless communications. To this end a branch signal processor includes a summer to determine a sum of a first branch signal and a second branch signal to produce a sum signal. A conjugate swapper to determine a conjugate swap of the first branch signal and a conjugate swap of the second branch signal to produce two swapped signals, wherein the conjugate swapper takes an imaginary part of the first branch signal to become a real part and a real part of the first branch signal to become an imaginary part of a new complex signal which new complex signal becomes a first swapped signal, and wherein the conjugate swapper takes an imaginary part of the second branch signal to become a real part and a real part of the second branch signal to become an imaginary part of a second complex signal which second complex signal becomes a second swapped signal.

Abstract: A space time labelling technique for wireless communication systems is provided. A transmitter for implementing the technique includes a first bit mapper and a second bit mapper which is different to the first bit mapper and first and second transmitters. A processor is connected to the first and second mappers and the first and second transmitters and controls these to receive two bit streams and simultaneously feed these into the first mapper and the second mapper. The first mapper maps these into first and second mapped bit streams and the second mapper maps these into third and fourth mapped bit streams which are different from the first and second mapper bit streams. The first mapped bit stream is transmitted in a first time slot via the first transmitter and the second mapped bit stream is transmitted in the first time slot via the second transmitter.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electric vehicle and more particularly, but not exclusively, to a solar vehicle of which a chassis is selectively adjustable relative to wheels of the vehicle. The electric vehicle includes a chassis, a suspension arrangement for connecting the chassis to wheels of the vehicle, and a solar panel securable relative to the chassis. The vehicle is characterized in that an orientation of the chassis relative to a plane defined by the wheels of the vehicle can be selectively adjusted by adjusting the suspension arrangement, in order for the angular orientation of the solar panel also to be adjusted.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for use on a cable, particularly to a power line or cable inspection and/or monitoring apparatus or robot. The apparatus typically comprises a power module to power the apparatus, a pair of links serially coupled via at least one joint, a gripper arrangement coupled to each link for attaching the apparatus to the cable, wherein each gripper arrangement is controllable to grip and/or release the cable as an end effector, and grip the cable as a base in a serial manipulator fashion; and a control arrangement configured at least to control displacement of the links and the gripper arrangements to grip and/or release the cable. The invention also extends to a method of inspecting and/or monitoring a cable; an inspection and/or monitoring system for inspecting a cable; and to a method of operating an apparatus on an elongate cable to avoid an obstacle.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds of the Formula (I), in which W is independently selected from W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, or W represents a pair of substituents independently selected from H, alkyl, aryl or amide in which the amide is optionally part of a linking chain, and the Zn—Zn? bonds (n=4-17; n?=n+1) are optionally of any whole or partial bond order, Y is Y1 or Y represents a pair of substituents independently selected from H, C1-C6 alkyl, Z5 or Z6 aryl, or Y is optionally a bridging structure that may comprise one or more C1-C6 amide, C1-C6 ether, or C1-C6 ester groups, R—R39 are independently selected from no substituent, a lone pair of electrons, H, halogen, C5-C6 aryl, C1-C12 alkyl, amine, C1-C6 alkylamine, C1-C6 amide, nitro, cyano, carboxyl, C1-C6 ester, phosphane, thiol, C1-C6 thioether, OR40, and suitable pairs of adjacent R groups (R—R39) may optionally together form part of a C5 or C6 aryl ring, a Z5 or Z6 ring, R40 is independently selected from H, C1-C6 alkyl, Z5 or Z6 ar

Abstract: This invention related to a method of and a system for estimating evaporation representing an area at a particular location The method comprises receiving air temperature information, using the received air temperature information to determine at least average air temperature, standard deviation of the air temperature, and skewness of the air temperature at the particular location, receiving soil heat flux information and net irradiance information indicative of soil heat flux and net irradiance at the particular location respectively, determining, sensible heat flux at the particular location by using at least the determined average air temperature, standard deviation of the air temperature, and skewness of the air temperature associated with the particular location, and determining an estimate of the evaporation at the particular location by using the determined sensible heat flux, received soil heat flux and net irradiance information.

Abstract: A process for the production of HFPO includes introducing a feedstock comprising HFP and molecular oxygen into a heated reaction zone of a reactor. The reaction zone is at a reaction temperature Tr, where 180° C.?Tr?230° C. The feedstock is allowed to react, by epoxidation of the HFP, to produce HFPO. The HFPO is withdrawn from the reaction zone. The introduction of the feedstock into the reaction zone and the withdrawal of the product from the reaction zone is continuous.

Abstract: A transdermal delivery device in the form of a transdermal delivery patch for the delivery of insulin is disclosed. The patch comprises cross-linked amidated low methoxy pectin, insulin and a transdermal transfer enhancing agent.

Abstract: The invention provides triterpenoid compounds selected from betulinic acid, maslinic acid, oleanolic acid, esters thereof and mixtures of any two or more thereof for the treatment of sickle-cell anaemia.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds of the Formula (I), in which W is independently selected from W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, or W represents a pair of substituents independently selected from H, alkyl, aryl or amide in which the amide is optionally part of a linking chain, and the Zn—Zn bonds (n=4-17; n?=n+1) are optionally of any whole or partial bond order, Y is Y1 or Y represents a pair of substituents independently selected from H, C-1-C6 alkyl, Z5 or Z6 aryl, or Y is optionally a bridging structure that may comprise one or more C-1-C6 amide, C-1-C6 ether, or C-1-C6 ester groups, R-R39 are independently selected from no substituent, a lone pair of electrons, H, halogen, C5-C6 aryl, C1- C-12 alkyl, amine, C-1-C6 alkylamine, C-1-C6 amide, nitro, cyano, carboxyl, C-1-C6 ester, phosphane, thiol, C-1-C6 thioether, OR?, and suitable pairs of adjacent R groups (R-R39) may optionally together form part of a C5 or C6 aryl ring, a Z5 or Z6 ring, R? is independently selected from H, C-1-C6 alkyl, Z5 or Z6 aryl, C-1-C6 ester,

Abstract: THIS invention relates to a method of and a system for facilitating design of a classic High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) control system, a method for optimising a classic High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) control system, and a HVDC control system. In particular, the invention comprises the steps of determining at least a current control plant transfer function for a rectifier and/or inverter of the classic HVDC control system by using a time domain current equation; determining at least a voltage control plant transfer function for at least a rectifier of the classic HVDC control system by using a time domain voltage equation; using the determined current control plant transfer function for the rectifier and/or inverter, and/or the determined voltage control plant transfer function for at least the rectifier to facilitate design of the HVDC control system.

Abstract: A process for recovering hexafluoropropylene and hexafluoropropylene oxide from a liquid mixture of these components is provided. The process includes, in a stripping stage, contacting the mixture with a gaseous stripping agent, thereby to strip hexafluoropropylene from the mixture. A gaseous product comprising hexafluoropropylene and gaseous stripping agent is withdrawn from the stripping stage, as is a liquid product comprising hexafluoropropylene oxide.

Abstract: A method of grinding a mineral-containing ore, which includes grinding the mineral-containing ore in a primary milling process and thereafter fine grinding the mineral-containing ore in a secondary ball-mill. A composite grinding medium comprising a mixture of steel balls and pebbles is used in the secondary ball-mill. The pebbles have an average size which is relatively smaller than the average size of the balls. The grinding medium includes an optimum mixture of approximately 25% pebbles and 75% steel balls by volume. The pebbles have a hardness which is substantially equivalent to or relatively harder than the hardness of the mineral-containing ore. The use of the composite grinding medium including the optimum mixture of steel balls and pebbles results in significant savings in energy consumption together with a reduction in ball consumption.

Abstract: A process for recovering hexafluoropropylene and hexafluoropropylene oxide from a liquid mixture of these components is provided. The process includes, in a stripping stage, contacting the mixture with a gaseous stripping agent, thereby to strip hexafluoropropylene from the mixture. A gaseous product comprising hexafluoropropylene and gaseous stripping agent is withdrawn from the stripping stage, as is a liquid product comprising hexafluoropropylene oxide.