Abstract: Methods to form a polymer by ring-opening polymerization include reacting, a mixture comprising a monomer, an accelerator, an initiator, and a catalyst comprising a 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol-2-yl group to form the polymer. Also disclosed are polymers including a residual amount of the catalyst in an amount greater than 0 weight percent.

Abstract: A cyclic carbonyl monomer has the formula (7): wherein at least one W? or Wa group comprises a protected glycoside; each Z independently represents O, S, NH or NW?; n is an integer from 0 to 6 wherein when n is 0, carbons labeled 4 and 6 are linked together by a single bond; each W? and Wa group independently represents a hydrogen, a halide, an alkyl group comprising 1 to 20 carbons, an ester group comprising 1 to 20 carbons, an amide group, an aryl group comprising 1 to 20 carbons, an alkoxy group comprising 1 to 20 carbons, or a foregoing W? or Wa group substituted with a protected glycoside; and each W? group independently represents an alkyl group comprising 1 to 20 carbons, an aryl group comprising 1 to 20 carbons, or a foregoing W? group substituted with a protected glycoside.

Abstract: The invention is based on the elucidation of a mechanism by which HPV promotes oncogenesis and provides a methods of diagnosing malignant tumors and methods of preventing the development of malignancies or inhibiting tumor growth. A method for diagnosing a neoplasm in a mammal is carried out by measuring the level of helicase-like transcription factor (HLTF) in tissue of the mammal. An increase in the level of HLTF in the tissue compared to the level in a normal control tissue indicates the presence of a neoplasm in the tissue.