Abstract: RNA enzymes or ribozymes can act as endoribonucleases, catalyzing the cleavage of RNA molecules with a sequence specificity of cleavage greater than that of known ribonucleases and approaching that of the DNA restriction endonucleases, thus serving as RNA sequence specific endoribonucleases. An example is a shortened form of the self-splicing ribosomal RNA intervening sequence of Tetrahymena (L-19 IVS RNA). Site-specific mutagenesis of the enzyme active site of the L-19 IVS RNA alters the substrate sequence specificity in a predictable manner, allowing a set of sequence-specific endoribonucleases to be synthesized. Varying conditions allow the ribozyme to act as a polymerase (nucleotidyltransferase), a dephosphorylase (acid phosphatase or phosphotransferase) or a sequence-specific endoribonuclease.

Abstract: Oligonucleotides having at least one phosphorodithioate internucleotide linkage. Phosphorodithioate oligonucleotides exhibit stronger antiviral activity than the corresponding phoshorothioate derivatives.

Abstract: A frequency to voltage converter including input terminals for receiving a stream of pulses with either fixed or variable time intervals between pulses, means for producing a voltage that varies as an inverse function of the time interval between the pulses applied thereto, first means responsive to the pulses of the stream of pulses for sampling the voltage output of the voltage producing means, and second means responsive to the pulses of the stream of pulses for applying input pulses to the voltage producing means subsequent to the sampling of the voltage output thereof by the first means whereby each sample voltage output of the sampling means is proportional to a frequency corresponding to a time interval between sequentially applied pulses.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel oligonucleotides having phosphorodithioate internucleotide linkages which may be used for the treatment of diseases caused by viruses.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new and useful nucleside thiophosphoramidite, polynucleotide dithioate phosphoramidite and polynucleotide phosphorothioamidate phosphoramidite compounds as well as the process whereby these compounds can be used for synthesizing new monoucleotides and polynucleotides having phosphorodithioate, phosphorothioamidate, phosphorothiotriesters and phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages.

Abstract: New and useful intermediate nucleotides bound to an inorganic polymer support, including the preparation thereof, and processes for the conversion to oligonucleotides which are especially useful for the synthesis of polynucleotides, particularly ribonucleic (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic (DNA) acids, are described.

Abstract: Disclosed are diagnostic reagents for use in detection of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 antibodies or Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 antibodies comprising novel Herpes Simplex Virus envelope glycoproteins gD-1 and gD-2, immunologically active fragments thereof, immunologically synthetic replicas, thereof, and specific polypeptides comprising specific amino acid sequences.

Abstract: Cotton plants may be rendered male sterile while retaining substantial female fertility by contracting the plants with a gametocidally effective amount of a novel compound which has the formula: ##STR1## where X is oxygen, sulfur, or ##STR2## and where R is a substituted and unsubstituted aryl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy and alkene group, and maintaining the effective amount for a sufficient time to form sterile plant flowers that can then be pollinated by a second variety cotton plant to provide cotton having hybrid cotton seeds.

Abstract: This invention is a process for the production of oligonucleotides which comprises:(a) converting an inorganic polymer into a coupling agent-polymer;(b) combining the coupling agent-polymer with a blocked nucleoside to obtain a blocked nucleoside-modified support; and(c) removing the blocking group from the blocked nucleoside-modified support to provide for the coupling of nucleotides to the nucleoside-modified support.

Abstract: New RNA endoribonuclease ribozymes are found with new conditions to prevent mismatch cleavage and able to cleave RNA after 6 different sets of ribonucleotide 4 base sequences.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for rendering cotton plants male sterile through application of isothiazole plant growth regulators without causing substantial female sterility or loss of reproductive vigor. Processes for effecting the hybridization of cotton employing monitoring of the degree of burning of cotton bracts are presented. More particularly, male sterility is attained by the application of potassium 3,4-dichloroisothiazole-5-carboxylate to cotton plants in an amount sufficient to cause finger burning of the bracts without causing excess burning thereof. Hybridization is attained by exposing male sterile plants in accordance with the foregoing processes to pollen from plants of differing varieties of cotton.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for rendering cotton plants male sterile through application of isothiazole plant growth regulators without causing substantial female sterility or loss of reproductive vigor. Processes for effecting the hybridization of cotton employing monitoring of the degree of burning of cotton bracts are presented. More particularly, male sterility is attained by the application of potassium 3,4-dichloroisothiazole-5-carboxylate to cotton plants in an amount sufficient to cause finger burning of the bracts without causing excess burning thereof. Hybridization is attained by exposing male sterile plants in accordance with the foregoing processes to pollen from plants of differing varieties of cotton.

Abstract: Novel methods for treatment of neoplastic disease states in animals, which methods comprise administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the formula IV, ##STR1## wherein: Y is hydrogen or lower alkyl; and X is a radical of the formula --O--R, wherein R is:a substituted lower alkyl radical selected from the group consisting of mono- and di-hydroxy lower alkyl, cyano lower alkyl, halo lower alkyl, lower alkyl amino lower alkyl, hydroxy lower alkylthio lower alkyl, hydroxy lower alkyldithio lower alkyl, di-lower alkoxy lower alkyl, hydroxy or lower alkoxy substituted lower alkoxy lower alkyl, cyclo lower alkyl substituted lower alkyl; and lower alkyl substituted dioxolanyl lower alkyl ora lower alkenyl radical; ora lower alkynyl radical; ortetrahydro furanyl or a lower alkyl substituted derivative thereof, oxiranyl lower alkyl, tetrahydropyranyl lower alkyl, or furanyl lower alkyl.

Abstract: RNA enzymes or ribozymes can act as endoribonucleases, catalyzing the cleavage of RNA molecules with a sequence specificity of cleavage greater than that of known ribonucleases and approaching that of the DNA restriction endonucleases, thus serving as RNA sequence specific endoribonucleases. An example is a shortened form of the self-splicing ribonsomal RNA intervening sequence of Tetrahymena (L-19 IVS RNA). Site-specific mutagenesis of the enzyme active site of the L-19 IVS RNA alters the substrate sequence specificity in a predictable manner, allowing a set of sequence-specific endoribonucleases to be synthesized. Varying conditions allow the ribozyme to act as a polymerase (nucleotidyltransferase), a dephosphorylase (acid phosphatase or phosphotransferase) or a sequence-specific endoribonuclease.

Abstract: The present invention discloses methods for detecting picornaviruses in biological tissues. In the methods of the invention, at least a portion of picornavirus nucleic acid present in a test sample of a biological tissue suspected of containing picornavirus is amplified. Picornavirus nucleic acid is then detected by conventional separation techniques or by hybridizing the amplified nucleic acid with at least a portion of a nucleotide probe comprising a nucleotide sequence complementary to the amplified nucleic acid and detecting the probe. The invention also provides nucleotide primers and probes having nucleotide sequences characteristic of picornaviral RNA for use in detecting the viruses.

Abstract: A pharmaceutically active composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and one or more alpha-MSH or analogues thereof for use in the stimulation of integumental melanocytes in vertebrates in order to bring about the production of melanin is disclosed.

Abstract: A catalytic RNA (ribozyme) derived from an intervening sequence (IVS) RNA of Tetrahymena thermophila will catalyze an RNA polymerization reaction in which pentacytidylic acid (C.sub.5) is extended by the successive addition of mononucleotides derived from a guanylyl-(3',5')-nucleotide (GpN). Cytidines or uridines are added to C.sub.5 to generate chain lengths of 10 to 11 nucleotides; longer products are also generated but at reduced efficiency. The reaction is analogous to that catalyzed by a replicase with C.sub.5 acting as the primer, GpNs as the nucleoside triphosphates, and a sequence in the ribozyme providing a template.

Abstract: Electrochemical cells including secondary batteries and fuel cells are provided employing polyanilines having improved reversibility, stability and electrochemical properties. In accordance with a preferred embodiment polyaniline is employed as a cathode active polymer in a secondary battery at a pH between about 1 and 11. In accordance with nother embodiments, fuel cells employing polyaniline are provided as are batteries wherein polyanilines are used as anodes.

Abstract: Novel methods for treatment of neoplastic disease states in animals, which methods comprise administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the formula V, ##STR1## wherein: Y is hydrogen of lower alkyl; and X is a radical of the formula --O--R, wherein R is:N,N-di (hydroxy lower alkyl)amino lower alkyl, or tri-lower alkoxy silyl lower alkyl, or cyclo lower alkyl, or halo substituted lower alkoxy lower alkyl, or tetrahydro pyranyl, or carboethoxy lower alkyl, or 1-lower alkyl pyrrolidinyl lower alkyl, or N-pyrrolidinyl lower alkyl, or 1-lower alkyl pyrrolydinyl, or dioxanyl, or hydroxy lower alkenyl, or hydroxy lower alkyl thio lower alkyl thio lower alkyl, or dioxanyl lower alkyl, or lower alkyl thio lower alkyl, or phenyl thio lower alkyl, or phenoxy lower alkyl, or thiophenyl lower alkyl, or 1-lower alkyl piperidyl, or alkyl carbonyl amino alkyl, or N-piperidyl lower alkyl, or lower alkoxy lower alkyl or lower alkyl thio hydroxy lower alkyl, or 1-lower alkyl N-piperazinyl lower alkyl, or N

Abstract: RNA enzymes or ribozymes can act as endoribonucleases, catalyzing the cleavage of RNA molecules with a sequence specificity of cleavage greater than that of known ribonucleases and approaching that of the DNA restriction endonucleases, thus serving as RNA sequence specific endoribonucleases. An example is a shortened form of the self-splicing ribosomal RNA intervening sequence of Tetrahymena (L-19 IVS RNA). Site-specific mutagenesis of the enzyme active site of the L-19 IVS RNA alters the substrate sequence specificity in a predictable manner, allowing a set of sequence-specific endoribonucleases to be synthesized. Varying conditions allow the ribozyme to act as a polymerase (nucleotidyltransferase), a dephosphorylase (acid phosphatase or phosphotransferase) or a sequence-specific endoribonuclease.