Abstract: Iron-containing zinc sulfide concentrate is processed to recover zinc values therefrom. The concentrate is roasted to convert zinc sulfide and iron sulfide to their oxides while adequate sulfide-sulfur is retained to maintain the iron values in the ferrous state and thereby avoid ferrite formation. Zinc oxide and iron oxide values are recovered from the roast, simultaneously or sequentially, and residual zinc sulfide may be recycled to the roasting step.

Abstract: Gas reacting apparatus and method are described for wet mass transfer of solute gases from a gas stream with a liquid or slurry reacting medium capable of chemisorption of solute gases in the gas stream. The apparatus comprises an elongated conduit means defining a primary reaction zone in fluid-flow communication with a fan means defining both a secondary reaction zone and a spray coalescence zone, and plurality of dual fluid spray means coaxially spaced in series within the conduit means and countercurrently or cocurrently directed to the gas stream for spraying the liquid or slurry reacting medium into said conduit means to form a plurality of spray contact zones of uniformly-distributed fine droplets wherein intimate contact of high interfacial surface area between the sprayed liquid or slurry and the gas stream is effected to remove solute gases from the gas stream.

Abstract: The LAN system disclosed is a development of the WELNET (TM) system, in which scheduling arrangement between the stations is controlled by a scheduling channel in the form of a loop, separate from the main information channel. The invention provides for Voice and Data to be integrated on the LAN. On a periodic cycle, scheduling is interrupted, and each station is invited to put a Voice packet on the main channel. When the system goes back to Data, the system is so configured as to resume at the station which was about to transmit Data when the schedule was interrupted for Voice.

Abstract: An automated gas measuring system comprises a constant pressure reactor system and a gas consumption monitoring system. A pressure drop in the reactor as a result of gas consumption is detected and the flow rate of gas to the reactor is adjusted to compensate for the pressure drop. Gas consumption is determined by measuring a drop in pressure in a gas holder due to the flow of gas from it to the constant pressure reactor system. The operations are controlled and automated by a control algorithm in a microcomputer.

Abstract: Selective hydrogenation of the carbon-carbon double bonds of conjugated diene copolymers is effective homogeneous solution in an organic solvent in the presence of certain divalent ruthenium carbonyl complex catalysts. The ruthenium catalysts have the general formula:Ru(CO)HA(Z).sub.3 ( 1)wherein A is a halogen atom, most preferably chlorine, or a hydrogen atom and Z is -PR.sub.1 R.sub.2 R.sub.3 in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are the same or different and are selected from alkyl and aryl groups, preferably all the phenyl group, or have the general formula:Ru(CO)XY(Z).sub.2 ( 2)wherein X is a carboxylate group, particularly ClCH.sub.2 COO--, Cl.sub.2 CHCOO--, Cl.sub.3 CCOO--, F.sub.3 CCOO--, CH.sub.3 COO--, C.sub.6 H.sub.5 COO-- or p--ClC.sub.6 H.sub.4 COO--, y is a halogen atom, preferably a chlorine atom or a bromine atom, or a hydrogen atom or a carboxylate group, Z is as defined above.

Abstract: Selective hydrogenation of the carbon-carbon double bonds of conjugated diene copolymers is effective homogeneous solution in an organic solvent in the presence of certain divalent ruthenium carbonyl complex catalysts. The ruthenium catalysts have the general formula:Ru(CO)HA(Z).sub.3 (1)wherein A is a halogen atom, most preferably chlorine, or a hydrogen atom and Z is --PR.sub.1 R.sub.2 R.sub.3 in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are the same or different and are selected from alkyl and aryl groups, preferably all the phenyl group, or have the general formula:Ru(CO)XY(Z).sub.2 (2)wherein X is a carboxylate group, particularly ClCH.sub.2 COO--, Cl.sub.2 CHCOO--, Cl.sub.3 CCOO--, F.sub.3 CCOO--, CH.sub.3 COO--, C.sub.6 H.sub.5 COO-- or p--ClC.sub.6 H.sub.4 COO--, Y is a halogen atom, preferably a chlorine atom or a bromine atom, or a hydrogen atom or a carboxylate group, Z is as defined above; or have the general formula:Ru T(CO)(NO)(Z).sub.

Abstract: In the conventional incineration of solid waste materials, flyash present in the combustion products gas stream catalyzes the formation of toxic dioxins from chlorinated organic materials. By providing a catalyst poison, such as carbon disulphide, in association with the flyash, typically by spraying onto the solid wastes prior to incineration, the catalytic effect is decreased, resulting in decreased dioxin formation.

Abstract: The LAN system disclosed is a development of the WELNET.RTM. system, in which scheduling arrangements between the stations is controlled by a scheduling channel in the form of a loop, separate from the main information channel. The invention provides for Voice and Data to be integrated on the LAN. On a periodic cycle, scheduling is interrupted, and each station is invited to put a Voice packet on the main channel. When the system goes back to Data, the system is so configured as to resume at the station which was about to transmit Data when the schedule was interrupted for Voice.

Abstract: The disclosed chip is suitable for VLSI dRAMS. The memory cell includes a bipolar transistor, a JFET, and a capacitor. The capacitor comprises a MOSFET which is operated only in the accumulation mode. Each cell requires only three lines. On a p-substrate, which comprises the collector of the bipolar, the cell layers are:- an n-well which comprises the channel of the JFET and the base of the bipolar; a p-region, which comprises the gate of the JFET, the emitter of the bipolar, and the bottom plate of the capacitor; an oxide layer; and a conducting layer; arranged as a vertical stack in that order. The latter two layers are the insulator and the top plate of the capacitor. The source and drain of the JFET are respective n+ regions placed one either side of the stack. The n-well can be deep and hence can be compatible with conventional CMOS technology. The chip has full read, write, and refresh capability; is relatively easily manufactured; and can be considerably scaled down without losing performance.

Abstract: A process comprises leaching zinc oxide either separately or in conjunction with iron oxides from a partially desulfurized zinc bearing sulfide ore of concentrate. The ore is pretreated to eliminate in a controlled manner sulfur-sulfur-sulfide in the ore yet leaving sufficient residual sulfur-sulfide in the material such that iron values are maintained substantially wholly in the ferrous state, while converting zinc sulfide to zinc oxide without formation of FeO-ZnO complexes. The partially desulfurized material may be selectively leached with a sulfuric acid containing solution under neutral leach conditions to dissolve thereby preferentially the zinc oxide over the iron oxide. Alternatively the material may be leached with a higher concentration of sulfuric acid containing solution to dissolve preferentially zinc oxide and iron oxide simultaneously. The leach liquor may be subsequently treated to electrolytically remove zinc.

Abstract: Multiphase contacting between gas, solid and liquid phases is effected using a novel apparatus comprising a cylindrical vessel, a draft tube, a conical bottom and a gas-sparger system. Mild and uniform mixing is achieved within the novel apparatus while stagnant zones and zones of high shear within the vessel are eliminated. Gas-liquid mass transfer is achieved at rates comparable to conventional high-shear mechanically-stirred devices while the efficiency of liquid mixing in the vessel is better than conventional low-shear pneumatically-stirred devices. The apparatus is preferably used in fermentation processes.

Abstract: Fouling of the convection section of a steam generator by ash or other solid deposit from the product gas stream is monitored using radiation pyrometers which determine the temperature drop across a bank of heat exchanger tubes and calculation therefrom of a fouling factor related to the degree of fouling. Soot blowers are actuated, in manual response or automatic response, to the fouling factor, to effect cleaning of the heat exchanger tubes. Heat flux meters also may be provided to determine variations in the degree of fouling transverse to the flow of the gas stream and the determinations may be used to actuate selective cleaning of parts of the tube bank.

Abstract: A heat flux meter for measuring heat flux in a hot environment, such as, a coal-fired boiler, includes a cup-shaped body member of one-piece construction having an internal cavity in which is mounted an annular thermoelectrically-dissimilar member from that of the body member and in heat and electrically conducting contact with the body member. Electrically conducting wires of the same metal as the annular member enter the cavity and are connected to the center of the circular portion of the body member and to the annular member. An e.m.f. is induced by the difference in temperature between the center of the disc portion and the annular member. Since the body member is of one piece construction and the heat flux meter is sealed to the walls of the boiler, gases from the hot environment cannot enter the cavity and cause failure of the meter.

Abstract: Fouling of the convection section of a steam generator by ash or other solid deposit from the product gas stream is monitored using radiation pyrometers which determine the temperature drop across a bank of heat exchanger tubes and calculation therefrom of a fouling factor related to the degree of fouling. Soot blowers are actuated, in manual response or automatic response, to the fouling factor, to effect cleaning of the heat exchanger tubes. Heat flux meters also may be provided to determine variations in the degree of fouling transverse to the flow of the gas stream and the determinations may be used to actuate selective cleaning of parts of the tube bank.

Abstract: Thiosalts contained in waste streams are oxidized to sulfate ions in the presence of sulfur-bound copper. Air oxidation of the waste stream is effected in a slurry of the copper compound, which may be CuS, Cu.sub.2 S or chalcopyrite, and continuous long term operation is possible without loss of catalytic activity and without catalyst degradation.

Abstract: The build up of ash in a pulverized coal-fired boiler and other similar ash producing combustion operations is achieved by comparing the heat flux simultaneously detected by a first flux detector which is maintained free of deposits and a second flux detector on which deposits are permitted to form. The net values from the heat flux comparison is proportional to the heat flux which is not reaching the boiler walls as a result of the ash deposits.

Abstract: Fouling of the convection section of a steam generator by ash or other solid deposit from the product gas stream is monitored using radiation pyrometers which determine the temperature drop across a bank of heat exchanger tubes and calculation therefrom of a fouling factor related to the degree of fouling. Soot blowers are actuated, in manual response or automatic response, to the fouling factor, to effect cleaning of the heat exchanger tubes. Heat flux meters also may be provided to determine variations in the degree of fouling transverse to the flow of the gas stream and the determinations may be used to actuate selective cleaning of parts of the tube bank.

Abstract: Fouling of the convection section of a steam generator by ash or other solid deposit from the product gas stream is monitored using radiation pyrometers which determine the temperature drop across a bank of heat exchanger tubes and calculation therefrom of a fouling factor related to the degree of fouling. Soot blowers are actuated, in manual response or automatic response, to the fouling factor, to effect cleaning of the heat exchanger tubes. Heat flux meters also may be provided to determine variations in the degree of fouling transverse to the flow of the gas stream and the determinations may be used to actuate selective cleaning of parts of the tube bank.

Abstract: Agricultural waste material, including animal manure and crop wastes, are converted into proteinaceous animal feed products by a fermentation process using the fungus, Chaetomium cellulolyticum.

Abstract: The determination of the surface tension of a liquid or of the interfacial tension between two immiscible liquids is effected by drainage methods in which the movement of an air bubble or a droplet of the lighter liquid is observed, certain measurements made and the surface tension or interfacial tension determined from such measurments. The apparatus used, comprising a tapered tube, a rotating uniform diameter tube or a tilted uniform diameter tube, is simple and inexpensive and accurate measurements are obtained.