Abstract: A method for efficient plasma etching of surfaces inside three-dimensional structures can include positioning an inner electrode within the chamber cavity; evacuating the chamber cavity; adding a first inert gas to the chamber cavity; regulating the pressure in the chamber; generating a plasma sheath along the inner wall of the chamber cavity; adjusting a positive D.C. bias on the inner electrode to establish an effective plasma sheath voltage; adding a first electronegative gas to the chamber cavity; optionally readjusting the positive D.C. bias on the inner electrode reestablish the effective plasma sheath voltage at the chamber cavity; etching the inner wall of the chamber cavity; and polishing the inner wall to a desired surface roughness.

Abstract: An internal imaging system has a radiation source and a plurality of detectors positioned to receive portions of the plurality of collimated beams that have been attenuated by interaction with the target. The radiation source is configured to irradiate a target with a plurality of collimated beams of radiation. Two of the plurality of collimated beams of radiation may have different beam shapes. Another internal imaging system includes a radiation source configured to irradiate a target with at least one collimated beam of radiation and at least one detector. A planar rotating collimator is positioned adjacent to the radiation source and is configured to form the at least one collimated beam. The at least one detector is positioned to receive attenuated portions of the at least one collimated beam. The radiation source may be or include a neutron source. The detectors may be or include a plurality of neutron converters.

Abstract: The present application pertains generally to medical systems and methods for creation of an autologous tissue valves within a mammalian body. In some embodiments, a system for creating an endoluminal valve from a blood vessel wall is provided. The system includes a tubular assembly having a longitudinal axis, a proximal end, a distal portion with a distal end, and a first lumen extending from the proximal end to a distal port located proximate the distal portion. The distal portion can have a supporting surface that extends in a longitudinal direction and is offset from a surface of the tubular assembly proximal the distal port. The system can further include a tissue dissection probe disposed within the first lumen.

Abstract: The disclosure features compositions and methods for treating a metabolic disorder, including diabetes, conditions associated with inhibition of insulin secretion, or for increasing longevity. In some embodiments, the methods comprise administering an anti-CGRP antagonist antibody.

Abstract: A method for determining the yield loss of a crop using remote sensor data is described. The yield loss is determined using the reflectivity of light by the crop canopy measured from remote sensor data such as an aerial photograph. Pixel color values from the aerial photograph, expressed relative to pixel values from nitrogen-sufficient areas of the field, are transformed to yield losses using a transformation that was developed using empirical data. A similar method is described to determine recommended nitrogen fertilization rates for the crop fields. The yield loss data is useful for nitrogen fertilization management decisions, as it allows a producer of crops to weigh the expense of fertilization against the loss of revenue due to yield loss induced by nitrogen deficiency.

Abstract: Described herein are stable hydroxide ion-exchange polymers. The polymers include ionenes, which are polymers that contain ionic amines in the backbone. The polymers are alcohol-soluble and water-insoluble. The polymers have a water uptake and an ionic conductivity that are correlated to a degree of N-substitution. Methods of forming the polymers and membranes including the polymers are also provided. The polymers are suitable, for example, for use as ionomers in catalyst layers for fuel cells and electrolyzers.

Abstract: A storage unit stores therein a collection of structures of biomolecules whose structure varies. A computing unit decreases a temperature set as a temperature parameter, which represents the temperature of the biomolecules, from a prescribed value in steps. When decreasing the temperature of the temperature parameter, the computing unit performs clustering on the structures included in the collection from before the decrease, detects detect outlier structures from the clustering result, and performs molecular dynamics simulations using the temperature parameter with the outlier structures as initial structures. Then, the computing unit stores structures generated by the molecular dynamics simulations in the storage unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a data storage and retrieval system. The system includes a at least one client device: and at least one server. The server includes at least one memory, a processor and a log store. The client data is divided into different blocks and stored in the server. Different logs are generated for each block and stored in the log store. The storage in the server are audited for ensuring their integrity. The present invention also relates to a method used to store and retrieve data form the above system. The present invention also relates to a method used to initialize empty buffers in a storage of a system.

Abstract: Disclosed herein, inter alia, are acyclic nucleotide analogs and methods of using an acyclic nucleotide analog for treating and/or ameliorating a papillomavirus infection.

Abstract: Provided is aptamers screening method based on graphene without target immobilization and the aptamers obtained from the method, and more particularly, a new GO-SELEX method without target immobilization in which a single-stranded nucleic acid pool may react with a non-bound target material or a counter-target material, after which a single-stranded nucleic acid which has not been bound to the target or counter-target may be separated by using the graphene. Also, the specific aptamer obtained through the above-described method may be used for diagnosing target related diseases.

Abstract: A method of deterring biofouling of a surface comprising attaching an adduct having formula (I) or noradrenalin to the surface. Formula (I) being defined as compounds that have the formula A-L-R wherein A is i) a C6 or C10 substituted aryl ring, or ii) a C1-C9 substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl ring: L is a linking group, and R is a primary amino moiety comprising unit.

Abstract: A production method for producing a fuel cell, includes spinning a precursor consisting of a salt of at least one metal chosen from Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Ho, Yb, Sr, Ba, Mn, Co, Mg, and Ga, a solvent, and a macromolecular polymer to produce nanofibers of the precursor containing the salt of the metal. The method further includes calcining the nanofibers of the precursor at a temperature ranging from 550° C. to 650° C. for 2 to 4 hours, and making a solid electrolyte material composed of the nanofibers obtained from the calcining. The resulting solid electrolyte material constitutes a part of a fuel cell.

Abstract: A P2X4 receptor antagonist such as paroxetine, a diazepinedione derivative having the following formula (IX) is used as an agent for preventing or treating zoster-associated pain in acute phase: wherein R1 is hydrogen, a C1-8 alkyl group, or the like; each of R2 and R3 is hydrogen, a C1-8 alkyl group, or the like; each of R4 and R5 is hydrogen or the like; and W is a five-membered or six-membered heterocyclic ring optionally having one or more substituents and comprising one to four nitrogen atoms as the members of the ring.

Abstract: An isotope labeled asymmetric cross-linker is provided for the detection of cross-linked peptides. A cross-linking and mass spectrometry strategy, referred to as isotope tagging of interacting proteins (iTIP), improves the specificity of detecting cross-linked peptides and accurate identification of the interacting peptide sequences via the incorporation of isotopic signatures that are readily observed in the MS/MS spectrum. Isotope tagged peptides can be identified using mass spectrometry based on doublet peaks in a spectrum. Spectra can be subjected to database search strategies available for the sequencing of linear or non-cross-linked peptides.

Abstract: Processes and intermediates for preparing rivaroxaban, and analogs and derivatives thereof, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of each of the foregoing, are described herein.

Abstract: The subject technology relates to a method including steps for disposing a first electrically conductive material on a substrate to form a first layer of electrodes on the substrate, wherein the first layer includes a source electrode and a drain electrode, and printing a film including carbon nanotubes between the source electrode and the drain electrode, thereby defining at least a first interface between the carbon nanotube film and the source electrode and a second interface between the carbon nanotube film and drain electrode. In certain aspects, the method can further include steps for disposing a second electrically conductive material over the first interface between the carbon nanotube film and the source electrode and the second interface between the carbon nanotube film and the drain electrode. In certain aspects, a transistor device is also provided.

Abstract: A non-biological asynchronous neural network system comprising multiple neurons to receive respective input signals representing an input stimulus for the network, supply an output signal representing a spatio-temporal sequence of rhythmic electric pulses to an external system, wherein respective ones of the multiple neurons are connected using multiple mutually inhibitory links.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method and an apparatus for coding or decoding a matrix, includes: dividing a matrix into layers according to a preset quantity of divided layers, and grouping matrix elements into different layers; performing, according to a determined layer number of a highest layer to be coded and in an order of layers one by one, coding processing on matrix elements at each layer to be coded; for a layer having a layer number less than or equal to the layer number of the highest layer to be coded, writing residual data between an original matrix element value corresponding to the layer and a corresponding matrix element predicted value into a bit stream; for a layer having a layer number greater than the layer number of the highest layer to be coded, writing no coded data of the layer into the bit stream.

Abstract: The architectonic spacer building system is a simplified prefabrication assembly using industrialized building system concept. The architectonic spacer building system for skeleton construction includes a spacer (2, 4, 6, 8, 10) having a predetermined shape for use in constructing modular form of building components, including a modular floor joist assembly (18), corner and crisscross junctions assembly (17, 19). The spacer acts as an anchored dowel connector (2, 10), composite key roof connector (22, 24, 26) and/or a bracing (2, 4, 6, 8) of adjoining wall panel (12).

Abstract: An light emitting diode includes an insulating substrate, a P-type semiconductor layer, a semiconductor carbon nanotube layer, an MgO layer, a functional dielectric layer, and a first electrode, and a second electrode. The P-type semiconductor layer is located on the insulating substrate. The semiconductor carbon nanotube layer is located on the P-type semiconductor layer. The MgO layer is located on the semiconductor carbon nanotube layer. The functional dielectric layer covers the MgO layer. The first electrode is electrically connected to the P-type semiconductor layer. The second electrode is electrically connected to the semiconductor carbon nanotube layer.