Abstract: The present invention provides methods of increasing the half-life factor VIII. More specifically, the invention methods of increasing the half-life of factor VIII by substituting amino acids in the A2 domain or in the C2 domain of factor VIII or in both domains. It further provides factor VIII mutants produced by these methods. The invention also provides a method of using receptor-associated protein (RAP) to increase the half-life of factor VIII. The invention also provides polynucleotides encoding the mutant factor VIII, polynucleotides encoding RAP, and methods of treating hemophilia using the polypeptides and polynucleotides of the invention.

Abstract: Bond strength of a composite resin, an adhesive resin cement or the like to dentin or enamel of tooth is remarkably improved by treating the dentin or the enamel with a self-etching primer agent comprising an aqueous solution of a methacrylic acid derivative such as N-methacryloylglycin, N-methacryloyl-3-aminopropionic acid, N-methacryloyl-4-aminobutyric acid, N-methacryloyl-5-aminovaleric acid, N-methacryloyl-6-aminocaproic acid, N-methacryloyl-2-aminomethylphosphonic acid, N-methacryloyl-3-aminoethyl-phosphonic acid and N-methacryloyl-4-aminopropylphosphonic acid.

Abstract: A launch system and method for microscopy having an optical fiber positioned proximate a sample slide with an optical fiber mounting element so as to deliver an EMR from the optical fiber into a first sample slide and to a surface of a second sample slide at a critical angle for total internal reflection at an interface of the surface of the second sample slide and a sample positioned proximate to the surface of the second sample slide.

Abstract: An electrochemical printing system (100, 200) and method are disclosed having a printer head (130, 230) that expels a small jet of electrolyte (112) towards a conductive substrate (92) to facilitate electrodeposition or removal of material from the substrate. In an embodiment of the invention the printer head includes a plurality of individually addressable electrodes (220), each electrode having a channel therethrough and wherein the electrodes are much larger than the electrolyte jet outlet. The printer head includes means for inhibiting cross talk between electrodes. For example, the printer head may include a plenum (241) and a nonconductive cross-talk inhibition layer (245) upstream of the electrodes. A resolution defining layer (270) having small apertures (271) is provided at the distal end of the printer head.

Abstract: A system for determining the longitudinal position of a displaceable element positioned between two substantially orthogonally laterally opposing displacement sensors measures a distance from each displacement sensor to the displaceable element. The displaceable element has a tapered thickness along its length. A change in the longitudinal position of the displaceable element causes the proximity sensors to each detect their distance to the displaceable element, which distances then correspond directly to the local thickness and thus the longitudinal position of the displaceable element. The system calculates the position of the displaceable element. The system can easily factor out errors in measured lateral proximity position of the displaceable element, since an erroneous proximity to one sensor is equal and opposite to an erroneous proximity to the other.

Abstract: Systems and methods for displaying three-dimensional (3D) images are described. In particular, the systems can include a display block made from a transparent material with optical elements three-dimensionally disposed therein. Each optical element becomes luminous when illuminated by a light ray. The systems can also include a computing device configured to generate two-dimensional (2D) images formatted to create 3D images when projected on the display block, by a video projector coupled to the computing device. The video projector is configured to project the 2D images on the block to create the 3D images by causing a set of the passive optical elements to become luminous. Various other systems and methods are described for displaying 3D images.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of screening for binding partners, especially binding partners essential for the biological activity of erastin (e.g. VDACs such as VDAC3). The invention also provides reagents and methods for effective killing of cancer cells with erastin and related compounds or derivatives.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high frequency surface acoustic wave device, which may be manufactured by the same manufacturing equipment, and with the same material, as those required for manufacturing a low frequency surface acoustic wave device. The disclosed high frequency surface acoustic wave device comprises: a piezoelectric substrate; a high acoustic velocity layer formed on the surface of the piezoelectric substrate whose acoustic velocity of the surface acoustic wave is larger than 5000 m/sec; an input transducing part; and an output transducing part; wherein the input transducing part and the output transducing part are formed in pair on or below the surface of the high acoustic velocity layer. Besides, the high acoustic velocity layer is preferably made of aluminum oxide, and formed on the surface of the piezoelectric substrate by an electron-beam evaporation process. The thickness thereof is preferably between 2 ?m and 20 ?m.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a charge trap flash memory cell with multi-doped layers at the active region, a memory array using of the memory cell, and an operating method of the same. The charge trap memory cell structure of the present invention is characterized by forming multi-doped layers at the active region appropriately, and it is a difference from the conventional art. The present invention induces electrons to band-to-band tunnel at the PN junction with the source/drain region by the multi-doped layers, and accelerates the electrons at the reverse bias to generate an avalanche phenomenon. Therefore, the method for operating a memory array of the present invention comprises programming by injecting holes which are generated by the avalanche phenomenon into multi-dielectric layers of each memory cells, and erasing by injecting electrons through an F-N tunneling from channels into the multi-dielectric layers of each memory cells.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a metal nanoparticle is provided. The method includes steps of: a) providing a metal salt solution, b) providing a reducing agent, c) providing a protecting agent, d) providing an alkaline solution, e) mixing the salt solution, the reducing agent, the protecting agent and the alkaline solution to form a slurry within a high-gravity field, and f) separating the metal nanoparticle from the slurry.

Abstract: Methods for steady state operation of an upflow anaerobic digester using organic matter that contains a portion of solid, non-digestible matter include (1) providing an upflow anaerobic digester, (2) providing a bacterial culture in the upflow anaerobic digester for the breakdown of organic matter, (3) introducing an influent into the upflow anaerobic digester, wherein the influent comprises a biodegradable component, a liquid component, and an amount of solid non-digestible matter, (4) operating the upflow anaerobic digester in a steady-state, (5) accumulating the solid, non-digestible matter in the upflow anaerobic digester, (6) and removing a portion of the accumulated solid, non-digestible matter from the upflow anaerobic digester through the bottom of the upflow anaerobic digester while maintaining steady-state operation of the upflow anaerobic digester.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus assessing, ranking, organizing, and presenting search results associated with a user's current work context are disclosed. The system disclosed assesses, ranks, organizes and presents search results against a user's current work context by comparing statistical and heuristic models of the search results to a statistical and heuristic model of the user's current work context. In this manner, search results are assessed, ranked, organized, and/or presented with the benefit of attributes of the user's current work context that are predictive of relevance, such as words in a user's document (e.g., web page or word processing document) that may not have been included in the search query. In addition, search results from multiple search engines are combined into an organization scheme that best reflects the user's current task. As a result, lists of search results from different search engines can be more usefully presented to the user.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and other embodiments associated with Tomosurgery are described. One method embodiment includes logically dividing a target volume into treatment slices to be radiated individually by co-planar beams. The method embodiment also includes planning a two dimensional path for moving a shaped isocenter through a treatment slice where the isocenter is produced by the intersection of the co-planar beams. The method embodiment also includes planning a three dimensional path for moving the shaped isocenter through the target volume based, at least in part, on two dimensional paths. The method provides a signal to control a radio surgery device to deliver radiation using the coplanar beams to the target volume based, at least in part, on the three dimensional path.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating and measuring a torsional wave in a rod, shaft or pipe using magnetostriction are provided. The magnetostrictive transducer includes at least one strip attached to a predetermined position of a rod member, an insulator disposed around the strip, a coil wound around the insulator, and magnets providing a bias magnetic field to the strip, wherein a plurality of strips are attached to the rod member at predetermined intervals in a circumferential direction, and one pole of the magnet is close to an end of a first strip among the plurality of strips, and another pole of the magnet is close to an end of a second strip among the plurality of strips.

Abstract: Structure for capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) device or other vibrating membrane device having non-uniform membrane so that membrane mass and stiffness characteristics may be substantially independently adjusted. CMUT having trenched membrane and/or membrane with non-uniform thickness or density. Method for operating transducer or vibrating membrane device. Array of devices at least some of which have non-uniform membrane properties. CMUT comprising substrate, support for membrane, and membrane extending over support to create cavity, membrane having non-uniform membrane thickness resulting from at least one of: thickening on upper surface of the membrane outside of cavity, thickening on lower surface of membrane inside cavity, trench on upper surface of membrane, trench on lower surface of the membrane, and any combination of two or more of these. Method for fabricating CMUT or vibrating membrane device having non-uniform membrane.

Abstract: A field emission device (10) includes a sealed container (12) with a first light-permeable portion (120) and an opposite second light-permeable portion (122). A first phosphor layer (14) is formed on the first light-permeable portion. A first light-permeable anode (16) is formed on the first light-permeable portion. A second phosphor layer (18) is formed on the second light-permeable portion. A second light-permeable anode (20) is formed on the second light-permeable portion. A shielding barrel (22) is disposed within the container and electrically connected to at least one cathode electrode (25, 26). The shielding barrel has opposite open ends facing toward the first and the second light-permeable portions respectively. The shielding barrel has an inner surface, and a slurry layer (24) containing conductive nano material is formed on the inner surface of the shielding barrel.

Abstract: A simple inexpensive hard reset and manual reset circuit assembly that provides a delay time during reset for enabling other matched electronic devices to have sufficient time to reach ready status. The circuit assembly includes a power source, a first resistor, a first electric control switch, which has a control end and two bypasses being respectively connected to a reset terminal and a grounding terminal, a second resistor, a second electric control switch, which has a control end and two bypasses being respectively connected to the control end of the first electric control switch and the grounding terminal, a third resistor, a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a manual switch, which has two opposite ends respectively connected to the second capacitor and the grounding terminal, and a fourth resistor, which has two opposite ends respectively connected to the power source and the second end of the second capacitor.

Abstract: A gaseous analyte including a small amount of a multiatomic moiety incorporating a particular isotope, such as 14CO2 is subjected to a standing optical wave at a resonant wavelength of the moiety while maintaining the moiety in an excited condition, such as in a gas discharge. The standing optical wave may be applied by a laser having a sample cell containing the analyte within the laser cavity. Monitoring an induced effect such as the optogalvanic effect yields a signal directly related to the quantity of the moiety. The test can detect quantities of the moiety of an attomole or less, and in some cases on the order of 100 molecules.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a modified arrestin which includes an arrestin molecule and a ubiquitin molecule. This modified arrestin has an increased affinity for a GPCR, and traffics with the GPCR into endosomes. The present invention further relates to a method of screening compounds and sample solutions for a GPCR agonist, antagonist, inverse agonist, or desensitization active compound. The modified arrestin is useful in the methods of the present invention.

Abstract: There is provided hearing device improvements using modulation techniques adapted to the characteristics of auditory and vestibular hearing. One embodiment provides for extending hearing to the infrasonic range by extracting sounds from the high ambient noise in this range and applying them to a carrier in the ultrasonic quiet zone. Further extension of hearing into the ultrasonic range is provided by a modulation scheme which uses a fluid conduction coupler to match impedance for a vibration transducer applied to the skin. A variation on this embodiment integrates this ultrasonic hearing extension with normal acoustic headphones. Another embodiment compensates for high frequency hearing loss by a modulation scheme which uses middle ear resonance as an amplifier. A further embodiment combines ultrasonic transposition with wireless modulation to obtain secure communication.