Abstract: Provided is a semiconductor device including a first source and a first drain of a P-channel-type MISFET formed on a Ge wafer, which are made of a compound having a Ge atom and a nickel atom, a compound having a Ge atom and a cobalt atom, or a compound having a Ge atom, a nickel atom, and a cobalt atom, and a second source and a second drain of an N-channel-type MISFET formed on the Group III-V compound semiconductor, which are made of a compound having a Group III atom, a Group V atom, and a nickel atom, a compound having a Group III atom, a Group V atom, and a cobalt atom, or a compound having a Group III atom, a Group V atom, a nickel atom, and a cobalt atom.

Abstract: The present application provides an apparatus for removal of an ionic contaminant from a liquid comprising a branched polymer, a filtration membrane, and a filter casing. The application also provides a method of removing an ionic contaminant from a liquid, the method comprising directing ion-contaminated liquid into and draining treated liquid from an apparatus as described in the instant specification.

Abstract: Provided are methods for making and using chiral, non-racemic protected organoboronic acids, including pinene-derived iminodiacetic acid (PIDA) boronates, to direct and enable stereoselective synthesis of organic molecules. Also provided are methods for purifying PIDA boronates from solution. Also provided are methods for deprotection of boronic acids from their PIDA ligands. The purification and deprotection methods may be used in conjunction with methods for coupling or otherwise reacting boronic acids. Iterative cycles of deprotection, coupling, and purification can be performed to synthesize chiral, non-racemic compounds. The methods are suitable for use in an automated chemical synthesis process. Also provided is an automated small molecule synthesizer apparatus for performing automated stereoselective synthesis of chiral, non-racemic small molecules using iterative cycles of deprotection, coupling, and purification.

Abstract: An outer layer having an entanglement comprising an intermingling of cloaked hydrophilic guest and a hydrophobic polymer host, wherein molecules of the guest have been crosslinked with each other. Under certain circumstances, using complexes of the guest may be desirable or even necessary. The intermingling of the guest and host includes a physical tangling, whether it also comprises crosslinking by primary bonding (e.g., chemical/covalent bonding) there-between. Also a method of producing an outer layer having such an entanglement, including the steps of: temporarily cloaking at least a portion of the hydrophilic groups of the guest; intermingling at least a portion of the cloaked groups with a porous polymeric structure by diffusing the guest with cloaked groups into at least a portion of the structure's pores; within the pores, crosslinking at least a portion of the molecules of the guest with the guest; and removing the cloaking. Cloaking may be performed by silylation or acylation.

Abstract: The multi-dimensional data registration integrated circuit for driving array-arrangement devices, comprising: a plurality of the i-th hierarchy sets, each of the i-th hierarchy sets is divided into a plurality of the (i+1)-th hierarchy sets; a i-th hierarchy address selection circuit, comprising a signal generation unit and a multiplexing unit, wherein the former generates an enable signal, the latter is connected to the signal generating unit and shifts the input data based on the enable signal and a second timing signal to further generate n bits of address signals, the i-th hierarchy address selection circuit is used to scan the plurality of the i-th hierarchy sets and select at least one of the i-th hierarchy sets to function; and a data supply circuit to follow a scan sequence of a j-th hierarchy address selection circuit and write a plurality of data into the selected j-th hierarchy sets.

Abstract: A ruthenium complex for a dye-sensitized solar cell includes a chemical formula represented by Formula (I): RuL1L2L3??(I) where L1 represents a monodentate ligand; L2 represents a tridentate ligand of and L3 represents a bidentate ligand of where R1 to R27 have meaning as defined in the specification.

Abstract: The objective of the present invention is to provide a cell differentiation inducer which is a low-molecular compound, which can be chemically synthesized easily and which can efficiently induce a differentiation of an undifferentiated cell into a nervous system cell with high selectivity. In addition, the objective of the present invention is to provide use of a specific catechol derivative for efficiently inducing a differentiation of an undifferentiated cell into a nervous system cell with high selectivity, and a method for efficiently inducing a differentiation of an undifferentiated cell into a nervous system cell with high selectivity using a specific catechol derivative. The cell differentiation inducer of the present invention is characterized in comprising the catechol derivative having the specific chemical structure.

Abstract: Optical microscopy of biological specimens, particularly live cells, is difficult as they generally lack sufficient contrast to be studied successfully as typically the internal structures of the cell are colourless and transparent. Commonly, contrast is increased by staining the different structures with selective dyes, but this involves killing and fixing the sample. Staining may also introduce artifacts, apparent structural details caused by the processing of the specimen and are thus not a legitimate feature of the specimen. Further, microscopy of different elements of these biological specimens typically requires multiple microscopy techniques on multiple specimens. According to embodiments of the invention simultaneous imaging techniques are applied to a biological specimen such as fluorescent imaging and dark field imaging by designing an experimental evaluation system and associated illumination system addressing the conflicting demands of these approaches.

Abstract: Methods of treating pain by delivery of anti-inflammatory cytokines, proinflammatory cytokine antagonists, and agents that act to reduce or prevent proinflammatory cytokine actions, to the nervous system are described. These agents can be delivered using gene therapy techniques. Alternatively, the agents can be delivered in protein compositions.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic material. The present invention further provides for pretreated lignocellulosic material that can be used to produce useful products, such as fermentable sugars.

Abstract: The present invention relates a system that can configure a stimulus for functional electrical stimulation (“FES”) to maintain a constant muscle force while delaying the onset of muscle fatigue and a related method of use. The stimulus can be delivered to a nerve via a set of multiple electrode contacts according to a stimulation parameter that maximizes a joint moment associated with the stimulus and minimizes the overlap between pairs of contacts. The joint moment can be related to the muscle force, and the overlap can be related to the onset of muscle fatigue.

Abstract: In a method for detecting disruptions proximate to an underground conduit, at least one signal carrying cable is positioned along a length of the conduit and between the conduit and a ground surface. At least one cable engaging member is connected to spaced apart locations on the at least one signal carrying cable to extend laterally outward of the at least one signal carrying cable. Each of the at least one cable engaging members is configured to transmit a force to the at least one signal carrying cable when impacted by an external force. A monitoring signal is provided to the at least one signal carrying cable, and a reflected monitoring signal is received in response to the supplied monitoring signal. One or more properties of the reflected monitoring signal are compared to one or more corresponding properties of a predicted reflected monitoring signal.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method to rapidly find crystallization conditions for a biomolecule in a desired conformation using single-molecule, fluorescent resonance energy transfer (smFRET) imaging techniques. The method provides significant cost and time advantages over the empricial exploration for crystallization conditions.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to the flow of analytes, particles or other materials. As consistent with one or more embodiments described herein, an apparatus includes a membrane having one or more pores in a membrane. First and second electrodes facilitate electrophoretic flow of analytes through the pore, and a third electrode controls movement of the particles in the pore by modulating the shape of an electric double layer adjacent sidewalls of pore.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method is provided for controlling an encoder that is particularly suited for high definition video conferencing. The method includes: receiving an average allowance of bits for encoding a data frame; receiving a burst allowance for data encoded by the encoder, where the burst allowance specifies a variance above the average allowance for a given time period; determining bits needed to encode an incoming data frame; comparing the bits needed to encode the incoming data frame to the average allowance of bits; computing a bit allowance for the incoming data frame using the bits needed to encode the incoming data frame and the burst allowance when the bits needed to encode the incoming data frame exceeds the average allowance of bits; computing a quantization parameter for the incoming data frame using the bit allowance for the incoming data frame; and providing the quantization parameter to the video encoder.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel lip/cheek probes for detection of pulse-based differences in light absorbence across the vascularized tissue of a lip or cheek of a patient. These probes are fabricated to provide signals to estimate arterial oxygen saturation, and/or to obtain other photoplethysmographic data. The present invention also relates to a combined probe/cannula. The present invention also relates to other devices that combine a pulse oximeter probe with a device supplying oxygen or other oxygen-containing gas to a person in need thereof, and to sampling means for exhaled carbon dioxide in combination with the novel lip/cheek probes. In certain embodiments, an additional limitation of a control means to adjust the flow rate of such gas is provided, where such control is directed by the blood oxygen saturation data obtained from the pulse oximeter probe.

Abstract: Compounds, including 3-carboxy aryl sulfonamide compounds, which agonize or antagonize aquaporin channels and methods of using them to treat disorders or diseases mediated by aquaporins.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic material. The present invention further provides for pretreated lignocellulosic material that can be used to produce useful products, such as fermentable sugars.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for preparing a sample characterized by binding a substance A containing a hydrazide group to a sugar chain and/or a sugar derivative via hydrazone formation between the hydrazide group of the substance A and the reducing end of the sugar chain and/or the sugar derivative thereby to enable the separation and purification of the sugar chain and/or the sugar derivative for an analytical sample from a biological sample containing the sugar chain and/or the sugar derivative by a simple operation.

Abstract: An exosomal composition is provided that comprises a therapeutic agent encapsulated by an exosome. The therapeutic agent can be a phytochemical agent, a chemotherapeutic agent, or a Stat3 inhibitor. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the exosomal compositions are also provided. Methods for treating an inflammatory disease or a cancer are further provided and include administering an effective amount of an exosomal composition to a subject in need thereof to thereby treat the inflammatory disorder or the cancer.