Abstract: The present disclosure relates to engineered microbial cells that have been engineered to include a uricase, a uric acid transporter, or both a uricase and a uric acid transporter. The engineered microbial cells of the present disclosure are useful in degrading uric acid inside the engineered microbial cell. The engineered microbial cells of the present disclosure are useful in methods of treating hyperuricemia. The engineered microbial cells of the present disclosure are also useful in methods of treating gout, and in particular chronic refractory gout.