Abstract: A sheet metal hemming method and apparatus for securing inner and outer sheet metal panels together by forming a generally flat hem along respective peripheries of the two panels. A fixture receives and holds an outer sheet metal panel that is formed to include an upstanding border flange. An inner sheet metal panel is stacked on top of the outer panel. A hemming tool movably supported adjacent the fixture bends the upstanding border flange of the outer sheet metal panel over a periphery of the inner panel and into a position forming an acute angle relative to an underlying portion of the outer panel. The hemming tool also bends an outer portion of the border flange down onto the periphery of the inner panel and into a position over and generally parallel to the underlying portion of the outer sheet metal panel.

Abstract: Grinding wheels are fabricated with outwardly extending circular peripheral rims having a continuous rim surface to which separate abrasive pieces, preferably of a superabrasive such as CBN, are secured by suitable adhesive. The superabrasive pieces are preferably circular and of a diameter corresponding to the width of the rim and are secured to the rim surface so as to either be adjacent and touch one another or to be spaced one from the other around the circle of the rim surface so that a predetermined amount but not all of the rim surface is covered with abrasive pieces. That rim surface coverage optimize grinding efficiency while providing space for fluid flow for purposes of cooling and carrying away particles from the grinding process.

Abstract: A clutch that adjusts the amount of torque transmitted to a transportation roller in a friction roll line shaft conveyor. The clutch includes a driver bevel gear that rotatably mounts on a line shaft of the conveyor and intermeshes with and drives a driven bevel gear that is fixed to a roller shaft of the conveyor. The driver bevel gear and the driven bevel gear couple drive power from the line shaft to the roller shaft. A compression spring is positioned between the driver bevel gear and a first stop collar. A second stop collar is positioned next to the driver bevel gear and opposite the spring. An annular hub supports the driver bevel gear, the spring and the stop collars and is supportable on and rigidly connectable to the conveyor line shaft.

Abstract: A rotary welding apparatus for joining two metallic workpieces together by forming a semi-circular weld at a semi-circular interface formed at mating surfaces of the workpieces. A turntable is rotated by a turntable drive. The turntable supports and indexes three lower tools around a circular path between a load station and a weld station. Each lower tool supports two workpieces to be welded together. A workpiece rotary drive connects to whichever of the lower tools is at the weld station then rotates that lower tool about a workpiece axis. A laser emitter supported adjacent the weld station directs a laser beam at a circular or semi-circular interface between respective mating surfaces of the two workpieces and welds the workpieces together as the workpiece rotary drive rotates them. The laser emitter is supported on a laser emitter mount near the weld station in a position directing a laser beam at the interface of the workpiece mating surfaces.

Abstract: An automotive framing apparatus with a support frame having a frame roof supported above a generally horizontal support surface. At least four gate assemblies are carried by a carrousel supported on the frame roof for rotational movement around a common vertical axis and form two gate assembly pairs of diametrically-opposed gate assemblies. The gate assemblies of each gate assembly pair are supported for pivotal movement between generally horizontal stowed and generally vertical working positions. A rotary drive selectively positions one gate assembly pair at a time in a framing position from which the two gate assemblies of the selected gate assembly pair can be pivoted by a drive downward to respective diametrically opposed working positions on opposed sides of a vehicle body to be welded.

Abstract: Plural spaced actuators mounted along a first axis are used to control machine tool motion along a first axis. The plural actuators are used in synchronism to create linear motion of the machine tool and the tool tip mounted on the machine tool along the first axis. The plural actuators are used differentially to create angular motion of the tool tip about an axis which is orthogonal to the first axis in order to correct angular errors in the axis of the tool.

Abstract: A workpiece transfer apparatus with a shuttle underlying workpieces received on workstations which is raised and lowered by a lifting mechanism disposed above the workpieces. The shuttle has a support rail and an indexing rail operably connected to a drive for advancing and retracting the indexing rail relative to the workstations. To transfer one or more workpieces from their current workstations to respective subsequent workstations, the shuttle is raised by the overhead lifting mechanism to engage the workpieces from underneath and raise the workpieces from their current workstations. The indexing rail is advanced to position the workpieces above respective subsequent workstations and the shuttle is lowered to place the workpieces on these subsequent workstations. Subsequently, the indexing rail is retracted to its starting position so that the apparatus is ready for the next transfer cycle.

Abstract: A workpiece holder for a press tool has a mounting ring which carries a circular retainer ring for frictionally engaging the inside of the workpiece and has a non-planar or curved end face engaged with a complimentary shaped end face of a body of the pressing tool to permit relative angular movement between the mounting ring and pressing tool body. This permits the axis of the mounting ring and hence, the axis of the workpiece carried by the mounting ring, to be angularly inclined relative to the axis of the pressing tool body to permit substantially coaxial insertion of the workpiece into a bore of a body even when the axis of the pressing tool body is angularly offset or skewed relative to the axis of the bore.

Abstract: A machine tool comprising a base, with a guide surface, a workpiece holder on the base, a movable tool carriage, and a motor for advancing the carriage along the guide surfaces toward the workpiece. Hydrostatic bearings are situated in the carriage for discharging fluid, such as oil, into the narrow gap defined between the carriage and the guide surface. A pre-load rail is secured to the movable carriage, and a plurality of pockets are defined in the pre-load rail. A hydrostatic pre-load piston, with an enlarged head and a depending base, is located in each pocket. A shallow depression is formed in the face of each piston, and an annular wall surrounds the depression, so that the piston restores itself to an equilibrium condition. The pre-load pistons are located in opposition to the hydrostatic bearings. An O-ring encircles the base of the piston, and allows floating, and tilting, movement of the piston within the pocket, while serving as a seal for the pocket.

Abstract: A hemming steel constructed to fold or hem a flange of an outer sheet metal panel onto an inner sheet metal panel has a forming face with a first, generally flat section and a second section inclined to the first section to provide a finished, hemmed flange having an outer portion closed or folded flat onto the inner sheet metal panel and an inner portion adjacent to the fold line which is inclined to the outer portion providing a reduced radius of the fold line bend. The second section of the hemming steel is preferably generally planar such that the inner portion of the hemmed flange is generally flat and provides an outer bend diameter along the fold line of the outer sheet metal panel which is less than three times the thickness of the sheet metal panel and may be approximately equal to or less than the thickness of the outer panel.

Abstract: Grinding wheels are fabricated with outwardly extending circular peripheral rims having a continuous rim surface to which separate abrasive pieces, preferably of a super abrasive such as CBN, are secured by suitable adhesive. The superabrasive pieces are preferably circular and of a diameter corresponding to the width of the rim and are secured to the rim surface so as to either be adjacent and touch one another or to be spaced one from the other around the circle of the rim surface so that a predetermined amount but not all of the rim surface is covered with abrasive pieces. That rim surface coverage optimize grinding efficiency while providing space for fluid flow for purposes of cooling and carrying away particles from the grinding process.

Abstract: An indexing drive has an actuator which reciprocates a ratchet arm along an arcuate path to cause an indexed rotation of rollers during one direction of movement of the ratchet arm which bear on a follower to produce an associated indexed rotation of the follower which may be communicated with a drive mechanism of apparatus to provide an indexed movement of the apparatus. Desirably, when the follower is not being rotated by the rollers, it is restrained from rotation in either direction to prevent movement of the drive mechanism to which it is connected and hence, to prevent movement of the apparatus associated with the drive mechanism.

Abstract: A multi-axis roller hemmer for forming at least a pre-hem of a flange area of a sheet metal panel having a roller engageable with the flange and movable about at least 3 axes to enable the roller to remain in contact with the flange along a substantial portion of the panel. Preferably, the apparatus is capable of varying the position of the roller along orthogonal X-Y-Z axes to enable the apparatus to form at least a pre-hem of more intricate, curved panels. Desirably, the roller may also be pivotally displaced to vary the relative angle between the roller axis of rotation and the panel to maintain the roller axis essentially parallel to the immediately underlying portion of the panels. Preferably, at least a pair of rollers are carried by the apparatus with one or more rollers forming a pre-hem of the flange and a final hem roller constructed to complete the hem of the flange area.

Abstract: A line boring apparatus comprising a motorized spindle and tool support mounted on a support frame for motion along two axes perpendicular to a rotational spindle axis. The spindle is also supported for motion along the spindle axis relative to the tool support. A tool cradle is supported beneath the spindle on the support frame and stores boring bars of differing outside diameters equipped with support bushings having outside diameters equal to an inner diameter of the tool support. A CNC is programmed to actuate an axes drive to cause the spindle to select a boring bar and bushing from the cradle. The CNC and axes drive then move the bar and bushing to a predetermined boring position axially aligned with an interrupted line bore to be machined in a workpiece.

Abstract: A boring tool is provided with rotary cutting inserts which rotate as a result of the forces which act on the inserts as the tool bores a workpiece. The inserts are positioned on the tool so that the cutting point of each insert is located in a different radial plane along the axis of the tool. The inserts are also positioned on the tool so that the radial distance of the cutting point of each insert from the axis of the tool is different. The non-symmetrical positioning of the inserts on the boring tool provides improved performance of the tool over a tool in which the inserts are symmetrically positioned.

Abstract: A press for press-fitting an axle tube into a differential housing having a locator and accurately locating a flange on the tube relative the locator by offsetting flange mislocation, deflection of the tube and press and deflection and/or shifting of the tube and housing fixtures during press-fitting. The press has a ram in operable communication with a drive and a computer in communication with the ram and drive to accurately control movement of the ram and depth of insertion of each tube. Carried by the ram is a probe that senses flange location relative on the tube for determining deviation in flange location and offsetting depth of insertion to compensate for any such deviation. Another sensor communicates to the computer the insertion force the ram is applying to the tube to determine tube and press deflection.

Abstract: An improved drive and support for a machine tool by which a part thereof can be supported and driven along a linear path for machining. The drive and support includes a linear slideway having a magnetic track along which a housing will move when a moving magnetic field is generated in an electromagnetic assembly mounted in the housing. The direction the housing moves depends upon the direction of movement of the generated magnetic field, and first hydrostatic bearing pads acting between the housing and the slideway, or between the electromagnetic assembly and the track or any combination thereof, to counteract the attractive force between the electromagnet and the track.

Abstract: An intelligent fixture system has the ability to clamp and machine a family of nonidentical parts without requiring the use of separate dedicated fixtures for each part. A first part sensing system identifies a part to be machined and configures the clamps on a fixture in accordance with the size and shape of the part. A second part sensing system determines the exact location of the part after it has been clamped into the fixture and develops error signals representative of position and orientation of the actual position of the clamped part relative to the intended position and orientation of the clamped part. X, Y, and Z position errors signals and roll error signals of the clamped part are provided as offsets to the machine tools which will machine the part in order to compensate for the errors.

Abstract: A clamp having a pneumatic cylinder with an actuating rod connected to one end of a drive arm which has its other end attached to a crankshaft which in turn has crankpins eccentrically mounted thereon to drive inner and outer clamp arms between retracted and advanced positions corresponding to open and closed positions of the clamp. The length of the drive arm, the extent to which the crankpins are offset from the crankshaft, the specific portion of a quadrant through which the crankpins are rotated, and the distance between the application of the force to the clamp arms and the axes about which the clamp arms pivot all provide a significant mechanical advantage and an extremely large clamping force from relatively low pressure compressed air supplied to the pneumatic cylinder.

Abstract: A hemming apparatus has a stand which is axially and rotatably adjustable, a carrier pivotally connected to the stand and a hemming tool adjustably received on a slide assembly which in turn is slidably received on the carrier. The hemming tool can be rotatably adjusted relative to the carrier to properly orient the hemming tool on the slide assembly for engagement with a flange of a sheet metal panel to hem the flange. Further, the stand can be axially and rotatably adjusted and the carrier can be pivotally adjusted relative to the stand to vary the orientation and path of travel of the slide assembly and hence the hemming tool relative to the sheet metal panels. Desirably, this readily adjustable and versatile hemming apparatus can be used to form or hem the flange of substantially any sheet metal panel having contours or corners of substantially any configuration or orientation.