Abstract: Applicants have developed a unique process for preparing a shaped article comprising an ion exchange composition and a hydroxy oxide binder. The ion exchange compositions include metallotitanates, metallogermanates, pillared clays and metal phosphonates. The process involves combining the ion exchange composition with a binder precursor and water, forming the mixture into a shaped article and heating the article at a temperature of about 85.degree. C. to about 120.degree. C. These shaped articles are useful for removing metal ions such as cesium from feed streams.

Abstract: A hydroprocess catalyzed by a catalyst composition comprising a porous refractory oxide, a molybdenum component, a phosphorus component and an underbedded nickel component, the composition characterized by a Raman spectrum comprising at least one Raman band in each of the regions of (1) about 240 cm.sup.-1 to about 250 cm.sup.-1, and (2) about 595 cm.sup.-1 to about 605 cm.sup.-1. The catalyst is prepared by sequential incorporation of the nickel metal followed by the additional catalytic promoters including a molybdenum component and a phosphorus component.

Abstract: Improved processes for preparation of the (S)-oxetines in high enantiomeric purity centers on resolution using simulated moving bed chromatography of a racemic precursor early in the oxetine synthesis. Resolution is effected with high enantiomeric purity, and subsequent reactions of the desired enantiomer performed with high optical specificity to maintain enantiomeric purity. The undesired enantiomer may be racemized and recycled to the resolution phase to avoid undesired losses.

Abstract: A catalyst for the selective oxidation of alkanes and alkenes has been developed. The catalyst consists of a noble metal component such as platinum and a SbOx component. A unique feature of the catalyst is that the noble metal component is present as particles of which from about 1 to about 30 mole % of each particle is in the form of a noble metal/Sb alloy. Optionally a modifier and/or a refractory inorganic oxide may also be added to the catalyst. A process for preparing the catalyst is also presented.

Abstract: A process for removing contaminant metal ions from a liquid stream is disclosed. The process involves contacting the liquid stream with a crystalline molecular sieve which has a crystal structure which is an intergrowth of the pharmacosiderite and sitinakite structures. The molecular sieve has an empirical formula of:A.sub.((4-4x)(n) (M.sub.x Ti.sub.1-z Ge.sub.y).sub.4 (Ge.sub.1-p Si.sub.p).sub.q O.sub.rwhere A is a cation such as sodium or potassium and M is a metal such as niobium or tantalum. These molecular sieves are particularly effective in removing cesium and strontium ions from aqueous streams.

Abstract: A processing step is added to an existing catalytic reforming unit to increase the yield of aromatic product. The additional processing comprises separation of product from the reforming unit into an aromatic concentrate and a low-octane recycle stream which is upgraded by aromatization. The separation preferably is effected using a large-pore molecular sieve, and the aromatization with a nonacidic L-zeolite contained within the hydrogen circuit of the existing catalytic reforming unit.

Abstract: Novel, hollow, low-density agglomerates for use in sealed insulating glass windows to adsorb water vapor, and optionally organic materials, present in the cavity between the two glazings. These agglomerates provide sufficient but not excessive amounts of zeolitic and other adsorbents when used to fill all portions of the spacer tube located at the peripheral sides of the double glazed unit, thereby greatly facilitating the filling of such spacer tubes and the fabrication of the overall unit.

Abstract: A process for the alkylation of alkenes having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms with an alkane having from 4 to 6 carbon atoms to afford an alkylate comprises reacting in the liquid phase the alkene and alkane under alkylation conditions in the presence of a novel catalyst comprising: a) a refractory inorganic oxide, b) the reaction product of a first metal halide and bound surface hydroxyl groups of the refractory inorganic oxide, c) a second metal cation, and d) optionally a zerovalent third metal. The refractory inorganic oxide is selected form the group consisting of alumina, titania, zirconia, chromia, silica, boria, silica-alumina, and combinations thereof and the first metal halide is a fluoride, chloride, or bromide of aluminum or boron. The second metal cation is selected from the group consisting of: monovalent metal cations in an amount from 0.0026 up to about 0.20 gram atoms per 100 grams refractory inorganic oxide for lithium, potassium, cesium, rubidium, silver, and copper, and from 0.012 to about 0.

Abstract: On line and essentially continuous measurements of hydrogen peroxide vapor in the presence of water vapor can be made using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy using fiber optic cables to transmit infrared radiation between, e.g, a sterilization chamber and the NIR instrument. Hydrogen peroxide absorbs selectively at about 1420 nm, where water vapor also absorbs, but the absorbance at 1420 nm can be corrected for water vapor measurements at remote wavelengths where H.sub.2 O.sub.2 is transparent. The measurement process may be conveniently made by applying a multivariant statistical technique to the spectrum obtained over one or more bands within the 900-2000 nm region using the correlation obtained for a calibration set for which analogous measurements are made over the same region.

Abstract: On line and essentially continuous measurements of hydrogen peroxide vapor in the presence of water vapor can be made using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy using fiber optic cables to transmit infrared radiation between, e.g, a sterilization chamber and the NIR instrument. Measurement of hydrogen peroxide concentration in the foregoing manner is incorporated into a control system which automatically adds gaseous hydrogen peroxide to the sterilization chamber when the measured concentration falls below a precalculated value. Such a control system ensures the presence in the sterilization chamber of an adequate concentration of gaseous hydrogen peroxide to effect sterilization throughout the sterilization procedure.

Abstract: Quench fluids being charged to a hydroprocessing reactor and liquid flowing downward within the reactor are admixed between the catalyst beds located in the reactor by an apparatus comprising three circular trays (16, 21, 22) and a mixing chamber (20). The mixing chamber receives liquid collected by the top tray and the quench material. The liquid effluent of the mixing chamber then falls upon a first distribution tray (21) while the vapor flows through an annular gap (17) between the first distribution tray (21) and the vessel wall (1). The two phases are then recontacted as they pass through a plurality of mixing caps (13) distributed over the surface of a lower second distribution tray (22).

Abstract: A regeneration process is described that eliminates or greatly reduces thermal channelling in a cooling zone bed. The method controls the flow rate of cooling gas independently of the requirements of the regeneration process for combusting coke and for halogenating or drying the catalyst. In one embodiment, a portion of a cooling stream is bypassed around a cooling zone and then passed to a drying zone. In another embodiment, one portion of a cooling stream from a cooling zone is vented, and another portion of the stream is passed to a drying zone.

Abstract: A process for the dehydrogenation of a dehydrogenatable hydrocarbon by (1) contacting the dehydrogenatable hydrocarbon with a liquid alkali metal in a dehydrogenation zone to produce a stream containing a dehydrogenated hydrocarbon and an unconverted dehydrogenatable hydrocarbon, and an alkali metal hydride; (2) heating the alkali metal hydride to produce a heated liquid alkali metal and hydrogen; (3) recycling the heated liquid alkali metal to the dehydrogenation zone; (4) contacting the stream containing dehydrogenated hydrocarbon and unconverted dehydrogenatable hydrocarbon with a selective adsorbent to produce a stream containing dehydrogenated hydrocarbon and a stream containing an unconverted hydrogenatable hydrocarbon; (5) recycling the stream of the unconverted dehydrogenatable hydrocarbon to the dehydrogenation zone; and (6) recovering the stream containing dehydrogenated hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A process of controlling the blending of components to produce a product composition at a target value for least one characteristic has been developed. The process involves varying the proportion of the components, determining with each variation the change in the value of a characteristic using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, adjusting the proportion of those components to afford a new composition where the value of the characteristic is numerically closer to the target value, and repeating the steps until the target value of the characteristic is achieved. The process further includes determining blending factors to be used in existing blending equations.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon feedstock is catalytically reformed in a sequence comprising a continuous-reforming zone associated with continuous catalyst regeneration, a zeolitic-reforming zone containing a catalyst comprising a platinum-group metal and a nonacidic L-zeolite and an aromatics-isomerization zone containing a catalyst comprising a platinum-group metal, a metal attenuator and a refractory inorganic oxide. The process combination features high selectivity in producing a high-purity BTX product from naphtha.

Abstract: A process for saturating an olefin-containing halogenated organic stream to produce saturated halogenated organic compounds while minimizing the hydrodehalogenation of the organic compounds.

Abstract: A catalytic reforming process uses a riser reactor with multiple catalyst injection points to obtain high aromatics yields from a naphtha feedstock. Product from the riser reactor typically is discharged into a fluidized-reforming reactor, in which the reforming reaction is completed and catalyst is separated from hydrogen and hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons from the reactor are separated to recover an aromatized product. Catalyst is regenerated to remove coke and reduced for reuse in the reforming process.

Abstract: A process combination is disclosed to selectively upgrade naphtha to obtain an isoparaffin-rich product for blending into gasoline. A naphtha feedstock is subjected to ring cleavage to convert naphthenes to paraffins using a nonacidic catalyst followed by isomerization of paraffins to obtain an increased proportion of isoparaffins. Ring cleavage also may be effected on the product of isomerization and separation by fractionation or adsorption.

Abstract: An apparatus for the separation of mixtures of liquids and finely divided suspended particles to produce a liquid product stream having a reduced concentration of finely divided suspended particles. The apparatus uses a generally vertical separator vessel having a feed inlet distributor located in a lower locus of the vessel which directs the feed mixture in an upward direction in order to initially flow through a multiplicity of vertical and intersecting baffles located in the upper locus of the vessel and then to flow through a horizontal baffle having a multiplicity of holes to allow passage of the liquid and located above and adjacent to the vertical baffles.

Abstract: A vessel arrangement and process for contacting a fluid reactant with a particulate catalyst in a plurality of flow channels and discharging fluid and particles from the flow channels. The particles are discharged axially from the bottom of the flow channels into an unconfined bed of particles. Fluid is discharged in a transverse direction through the sides of the flow channels and across screen openings located a short distance above the channel outlets. A plurality of chambers, additional particulate material or baffles regulate fluid flow through sections of the screens and prevent excessive fluid velocity in any section from holding up particle flow through the flow channels. The reactor arrangement and process of this invention is a particularly useful for arrangements that may be used to operate a reactor under isothermal or other controlled temperature conditions where a heat transfer fluid surrounds a plurality of tubular conduits or multiple flow channels that confine the particles and fluid.