Abstract: High efficiency CCM post-treatment methods are described. A multilayer CCM mesh cage has multiple shelves. Each CCM is placed in between one or two pieces of mesh and loaded into the multilayer CCM mesh cage, which is made of mesh so that the acid or base can contact the CCMs. Multiple CCM cages can be soaked in an acid tank at the same time. A circulation pump can be included in the acid or base tank to circulate the acid or base during the CCM post-treatment. Large batch of CCMs can be treated simultaneously.

Abstract: A process for dehydration of an ethanol feed stream comprising sending said ethanol feed stream and steam to a radial flow reactor to contact a catalyst under reaction conditions and produce an effluent comprising ethylene. The use of a radial flow reactor eliminates concerns about pressure drops that may occur with conventional fixed bed downflow reactors.

Abstract: A process for preparing an olefin stream for oligomerization comprises fractionating an olefin stream to provide a light gas stream and a olefin rich stream. The olefin rich stream is selectively hydrogenated to convert diolefins to mono-olefins and provide a mono-olefin stream and oligomerizing the mono-olefin stream over an oligomerization catalyst to provide an oligomerized stream.

Abstract: A process for dimerizing and oligomerizing olefins to distillate fuels which subjects oligomerized product to hydrocracking and hydroisomerization in a single reactor to convert heavier oligomers to jet fuel range oligomers. A jet fuel product stream may be taken from a side of a stripping column which produces a heavy drag stream from a bottom of the stripping column to ensure an end point boiling specification is achieved.

Abstract: Composite proton exchange membranes are described. The composite proton-exchange membranes comprise three layers including a proton exchange membrane layer, a continuous nonporous organic-inorganic composite coating layer, and a continuous nonporous cross-linked polyelectrolyte multilayer coating. Catalyst coated membranes incorporating the composite proton exchange membranes and methods of making the composite proton exchange membranes are also described.

Abstract: A process and apparatus comprise a reaction chamber that includes an aspect ratio between about 0.7 and 1.3 for establishing a dense catalyst bed in the reaction chamber while minimizing hot residence time of the product gas in a range that will not deteriorate product selectivity. We have found the dense catalyst bed is necessary to ensure sufficient contact between catalyst and feed gas.

Abstract: A composition for selectively removing a first ionic contaminant from a wastewater stream. The composition is formed into a particle. The composition includes a core formed of a non-active material relative to the first ionic contaminant, and, a shell formed from an active material relative to the first ionic contaminant, wherein the active material comprises between 10 to 50 wt % of the particle. The shell may also include a binder material that may be non-active relative to the first ionic contaminant, but active relative to a second ionic contaminant. The core may be formed from a glass-forming material so that a vitrification process may be used for the spent solid waste.

Abstract: Various current collectors for redox flow batteries are described. The current collectors include at least one metal plate encapsulated in a conductive polymer end plate, the metal plate to the back of a stack end plate with a conductive adhesive, and a flat metal plate having deformable tabs. Battery flow systems incorporating the current collectors are also described. Battery flow systems with easily replaceable current collectors are also described.

Abstract: Processes and a catalyst for the cycloaddition of an olefin, such as C2 to C4 olefins like, ethylene, propylene and butylene, to a biomass derived compound, such as dimethylfuran, furan, methylfuran. The catalyst has a relatively low silica to alumina ratio of around 25 compared with conventional catalysts which have a ratio greater than 1000. The catalyst has phosphorus and may be a beta zeolite. Such a catalyst can be used to generate a high yield of bio-based para-xylene.

Abstract: Processes for producing mono-methyl alkylbenzenes from natural oils are described. The processes includes a linear selective cracking process to crack C14+ chains into C9 to C14 chains which are useful for making linear alkylbenzene for use in detergents and a hydroisomerization step to produce paraffins with mono-methyl branching which can be reacted with benzene to form the mono-methyl alkyl benzenes.

Abstract: A high selectivity and high CO2 plasticization resistant polymer comprises a plurality of repeating units of formula (I) for gas separation applications. The polymer may be synthesized from a superacid catalyzed poly(hydroalkylation) reaction. Membranes made from the polymer and gas separation processes using the membranes made from the polymer are also described.

Abstract: A process for distributing quench fluid to a stream of product comprising contacting a feed stream with a stream of catalyst to convert the feed stream to product. The quench fluid is sprayed into the stream of product from a first distributor through at least one first opening centered at a first radial position and from a second distributor through at least one second opening centered at a second radial position different from the first radial position. Catalyst is preferably separated from the product stream prior to quenching. The process may include a first set of first distributors and a second set of second distributors.

Abstract: A process and apparatus cool a pyrolyzed stream and a dehydrogenated stream in respective cold boxes by use of a refrigerant compressed with a common compressor. The refrigerant is compressed and used to cool a pyrolysis cold box and a dehydrogenation cold box.

Abstract: A process and apparatus integrate recovery of propylene from a pyrolysis reactor and a paraffin dehydrogenation reactor. A stripping column for fractionating a dehydrogenation stream is coupled with a demethanizer column for fractionating a pyrolyzed stream. The stripping overhead stream comprising C2? hydrocarbons are fractionated with the pyrolyzed stream in the demethanizer column. The coupling omits the need for a conventional deethanizer column and separate refrigeration system in the propane dehydrogenation unit.

Abstract: Processes and apparatuses for reducing molecular weight fluctuation in a tail gas stream from a pressure swing adsorption process. Multiple PSA separation zone are synchronized such that when one of the PSA units is generating a low molecular weight tail gas, there is another PSA unit generating a high molecular weight tail gas.

Abstract: Processes and apparatuses for hydrotreating a feed stream comprising a biorenewable feedstock. The process comprises hydrotreating the feed stream in the presence of hydrogen and a hydrotreating catalyst to provide a hydrotreated stream and isomerizing an isomerization feed stream in the presence of a hydrotreating catalyst to provide an isomerized stream. The isomerization feed stream includes at least a portion of the hydrotreated stream. Electric heaters are provided for one or both recycle vapor streams.

Abstract: A process of producing ethylene and propylene from naphtha, the process comprising: producing light paraffins—ethane, hydrogen/methane/residual ethane and propane rich streams—in a dividing wall fractionation column from a stream of hydrogen, methane, propane, and residual C4+ produced in the reactor section of a naphtha-to-ethane-and-propane processing unit by reacting naphtha with hydrogen, a naphtha reactor effluent stream produced by a naphtha reactor of the naphtha-to-ethane-and-propane processing unit is cooled to produce a feed stream. The feed stream is passed to a dividing wall fractionation column. An ethane stream from the dividing wall fractionation column is passed to an ethane steam cracker to produce a cracking heater effluent stream. The cracking heater effluent stream is passed to a coldbox of the ethane steam cracker after multiple steps such as quenching, compression, cooling, caustic scrubbing, drying.

Abstract: In a process of producing ethylene and propylene from naphtha the process a feed stream comprising hydrogen, methane, ethane, and propane and residual C4+ from a naphtha-to-ethane-and-propane reactor is fed to a dividing wall fractionation column.

Abstract: Processes for dehydrogenating normal paraffins derived from natural oils to olefins are described. The feed stream is passed through an adsorption bed comprising alkaline or alkaline earth cation exchange X-Zeolite to removes essentially all oxygenates and aromatics from the feed stream. One or more additional adsorbent beds having different adsorbents can also be included to remove additional oxygenates and aromatics as well as sulfur compounds, nitrogen compounds, phosphorous compounds, or combinations thereof. The dehydrogenation process can be part of a process for producing alkylbenzenes from natural oils.

Abstract: A protective layer for an electrolyte in a flow battery and an electrolyte tank having a protective layer. The protective layer includes a light oil that includes hydrophobic hydrocarbons. The light oil having a density lower than a density of the electrolyte, the hydrophobic hydrocarbons being non-reactive to the electrolyte. The protective layer may be a liquid layer or may include a substrate impregnated with the light oil. An inert gas may also be utilized in the electrolyte tank.