Abstract: The present invention provides a novel method and apparatus for producing pulp from lignocellulosic raw material, such as wood or annual or perennial plants, by mechanical defibration. According to the invention, fibers are peeled from the wood by means of grinding grits arranged on a defibration surface, wherein at least 90% of the protrusion difference distribution between adjacent or neighboring grits on the surface belongs to a value region maximally as wide as the average grit diameter. By means of the invention, a reduction in specific energy consumption of up to 50% or even more can be obtained.

Abstract: The invention relates to a wood composite material and to a method for making it. In accordance with the invention, the wood composite material is formed of adhesive laminate waste comprising adhesive material, glue and release material and having been arranged into chaff, the chaff being arranged into the wood composite material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a printed substrate comprising a substrate and a printing ink and is characterized in that at least one side of the substrate has a surface with such porosity that the Gurley-Hill air permeability value of the substrate is above 7000 s/100 ml, and it comprises an printing ink formulated as heat-set offset printing ink with reduced tack comprising at least one pigment and a mixture of at least two solvents boiling in the range of from 200° C. to 270° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a paper that is formed of a fibre-based source material and is applicable as printing paper. According to the invention, the surface of the paper is surface-treated by arranging on the surface sufficient density in such manner that the density of at least one surface layer of the paper is sufficiently high to yield a Gurley-Hill value of over 7000 s/100 ml as measured from the entire paper. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for making paper.

Abstract: The invention relates to a paper that is formed of a fibre-based source material and is applicable as printing paper. According to the invention, the surface of the paper is surface-treated by arranging sufficient density on the surface, such that a mixture is arranged at least on one side of the surface of the paper for forming a surface layer, which mixture comprises pigments in an amount of 75-95% by weight of the dry weight and bonding agent in an amount of 5-25% by weight of the dry weight, and the porosity of the surface layer of the paper is less than 0.07 ml/g as defined by mercury porosimeter process. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for making paper.

Abstract: This invention relates to a group package (1) for sheet material such as printing and photocopy paper, and a method for manufacturing the protective wrap of the group package and the group package itself. In the group package (1), a number of paper bundles (1a) wrapped in their own ream wraps (2a) consisting of at least a base paper layer (19a), are placed within a shared protective wrap (2). The material of the protective wrap (2) and of the wrap (2a) of the paper bundles (1a) is formed by adding plastic, a polymer mixture or another suitable material to one or both of the materials, in suitable quantities to make the combined water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) of the protective wrap (2) and the wrap (2a) less than approx. 50 g/m2/d, as calculated according to the ISO 2528:1995 standard.

Abstract: This invention relates to an arrangement for packaging sheet material such as paper intended for printing or photo-copying use, in which arrangement a set of paper sheets (3) is placed within a continuous protective package (1). Inside the protective package (1) there is at least one handle (4), which is placed essentially around all of the paper sheets (3) in the package.

Abstract: The invention refers to a printed substrate comprising a substrate with an oleophilic surface having a Gurley-Hill permeance value bigger than 5000 s/100 ml, the ink printed on the substrate having an IGT ink set-off value bigger than 0.60 print density units at 30 s delay time. The invention also refers to a printing method performed in at least one printing unit under use of following substrate/ink combination: the substrate has an oleophilic surface and is non-porous, i.e. has a Gurley-Hill permenace value bigger than 5000 s/100 ml, the pigment carrier/ink has an IGT ink set-off value larger than 0.60 print density units at 30 s delay time.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for pretreating fibre material to be used in manufacturing paper or the like, for example, by precipitating mineral substances to the fibres. During precipitation, fibre material, which is advantageously pretreated in a through-flow mixer operating on the principle of an impact mill, is fed to the precipitation reactor. Gas is led to the precipitation reactor in order to generate a gas space in the reactor. The gas contains a substance, which precipitates the mineral substance such as carbon dioxide (CO2). The fibre material is fed to the gas space of the precipitation reactor as small liquid and solid substance fractions such as drops and/or particles.

Abstract: A pallet including a frame (2) whose upper part, at least at sides thereof, is provided with edges (4) projecting from the pallet (1′), a frame structure being arranged inside the frame (2), and a loading surface (5) onto which a load (17) is to be arranged. Both sides of the pallet (1′) are provided with stiffening elements (10, 22) arranged to stiffen the pallet (1′) in its longitudinal direction, enabling the pallet (1′), even while carrying a load, to be lifted without the pallet (1′) substantially bending in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A plastic laminate with two or more plastic layers, at least one of which is polyhydroxyalkanoate, such as hydroxybutyrate/hydroxyvalerate copolymer. Next to the polyhydroxyalkanoate layer and attached to it is a layer of biodegradable polyester amide.

Abstract: A plastic laminate with two or more plastic layers at least one of which is polyhydroxyalkanoate, such as hydroxybutyrate/hydroxyvalerate copolymer (HB/HV). Next to the polyhydroxyalkanoate layer (2) and attached to it there is a layer (3) of biodegradable polyester amide or biodegradable starch derivative.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for catalytic hydrogenation of non-hormonal unsaturated plant steroids and unsaturated plant-based fatty acids and triglycerides thereof using a metal catalyst bound to a polymer support containing grafted groups. The invention also relates to regeneration of a used catalyst.

Abstract: A device for filling containers, particularly packaging containers such as cardboard packaging containers, on the packaging container, comprises a feed part and a closing part. To prevent the dripping of the substance distributed into the packaging container on the area around the fill opening the feed part is equipped with outlets which form an angle with the center axis of the feed part so that the upper ends of the outlets separate from each other. In the lower end of the feed part, the angle position of the outlets causes the liquid flows from different outlets to unit into one flow of liquid which, if necessary, can be fed into a container even through a small fill opening.

Abstract: A method of making a nonwoven material having good absorbency, softness and strength. A fibrous web is airlayed from fibers comprising at least one of natural fibers and rayon fibers. The web is prebonded by sequentially adding moisture on an upper surface of the web and on a lower surface of the web. The web is calendered with a heated roll a first time after adding moisture on the upper surface of the web and calendered with a heated roll a second time after adding moisture on the lower surface of the web. The web is then spunlaced.