Abstract: Devices, methods, products, and systems for shaping and coating graphite are disclosed. The method includes providing a volume of purified graphite particles in a chamber of a shaping and coating machine, rotating the volume of purified graphite particles at a first speed for a first length of time in the chamber to form Spherical Purified Graphite (SPG) particles, providing a first powder coating material in the chamber of the shaping and coating machine, and rotating the first powder coating material and the SPG particles at a second speed and for a second length of time in the chamber to form Coated Spherical Purified Graphite (CSPG) particles.

Abstract: A graphite purification system contains a vessel adapted to contain graphite particles, including an inductive coil for heating said vessel; and a cooling system for cooling said graphite purification system, whereby the cooling system is adapted to also cool the graphite particles. The purification system may be a continuous or batch system, and, the vessel may be at least partially formed from graphite. A process for purifying graphite particles is also presented and includes providing a vessel formed at least partially from graphite; loading graphite particles into the vessel; inductively heating at least a portion of the vessel, and thereby heating the graphite particles in physical contact with the vessel; and cooling the vessel and the graphite particles.

Abstract: An asymmetric supercapacitor having a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a biasing electrode disposed between the positive electrode and negative electrode. The biasing electrode accumulates a mass-balanced equivalent amount of charge as the supercapacitor is charging, and an independent voltage applied to the biasing electrode causes charge to be forced to the positive electrode or the negative electrode maintaining an equilibrium in the charge double layer.