Abstract: A spatial light modulator having a layer of thermo-optical medium, where the thermo-optical medium is at least partially transparent for at least one spectral component of visible or near infrared light and having the thermal conductivity between 0.01 and 30 W K?1 m?1 at the temperature of 20° C. and the layer having a thickness up to 100 ?m is disclosed. At least one heating microsource in thermal contact with the layer of the thermo-optical medium, where each heating microsource has at least one dimension smaller than 10 ?m, and at least one substrate in thermal contact with the thermo-optical medium, the substrate having a thermo-optic coefficient at least 10 times smaller than a thermo-optic coefficient of the thermo-optical medium and a thermal conductivity of at least 1 W K?1 m?1 while the thermal conductivity of the substrate is higher than the thermal conductivity of the thermo-optical medium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the preparation and use of copolymers composed of N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMAA) and carboxybetaine methacrylamide (CBMAA). The invention further describes polymer brushes having structure I S—R-polymer??(I) wherein S is a substrate; R is a residue of a polymerization initiator or a RAFT agent bound to the substrate; and “polymer” is the copolymer of N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide and carboxybetaine methacrylamide Furthermore, production of these polymer brushes, containing random or block copolymers grafted to or from a substrate is described. The copolymer brushes are suitable for protecting substrates from deposition and/or adhesion of biological substances, and/or against thrombus formation. The brushes functionalized by covalent attachment of bioactive substances to CBMAA monomer units are particularly suitable for specific interaction with target biological substances which is not affected by nonspecific deposition of non-target compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the preparation and use of copolymers composed of N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMAA) and carboxybetaine methacrylamide (CBMAA). The invention further describes polymer brushes having structure I S-R-polymer ??(I) wherein S is a substrate; R is a residue of a polymerization initiator or a RAFT agent bound to the substrate; and “polymer” is the copolymer of N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide and carboxybetaine methacrylamide Furthermore, production of these polymer brushes, containing random or block copolymers grafted to or from a substrate is described. The copolymer brushes are suitable for protecting substrates from deposition and/or adhesion of biological substances, and/or against thrombus formation. The brushes functionalized by covalent attachment of bioactive substances to CBMAA monomer units are particularly suitable for specific interaction with target biological substances which is not affected by nonspecific deposition of non-target compounds.