Abstract: A catalytic converter for treatment of exhaust gases from a motorcycle engine includes a housing having an upstream end and a downstream end. A housing body extends between the upstream end and the downstream end. A catalyst mantle is positioned within the body of the housing such that a void is formed between the catalyst mantle and the housing body. A catalyst is positioned within the catalyst mantle. An insulator is positioned within the void between the housing body and the catalyst mantle.

Abstract: A crankshaft having an axis of rotation is disclosed. The crankshaft includes a main throw having a web, a main pin extending from the web that is coaxial with the axis of rotation and an aperture in the web. The crankshaft also includes a crank throw having a web, a crank pin extending from the web, a central aperture positioned in the web that is coaxial with the axis of rotation. The crank pin is positioned in the aperture of the main throw and a connecting rod is positioned on the crank pin. The crankshaft includes various features for distribution of oil to components.

Abstract: A crankshaft having an axis of rotation is disclosed. The crankshaft includes a main throw having a web, a main pin extending from the web that is coaxial with the axis of rotation and an aperture in the web. The crankshaft also includes a crank throw having a web, a crank pin extending from the web, a central aperture positioned in the web that is coaxial with the axis of rotation. The crank pin is positioned in the aperture of the main throw and a connecting rod is positioned on the crank pin. The crankshaft includes various features for distribution of oil to components.

Abstract: One aspect is an electronic throttle control system including an electronic control unit configured to receive actuation signals indicative of a user action and to generate an actuation signal indicative of the user action. A throttle plate motor is configured to receive the actuation signal from the electronic control unit and to move a throttle plate in response thereto. A throttle position sensor is configured to sense the actual position of the throttle plate and to generate an actual position signal indicative of the throttle plate position. A throttle modifier is coupled between the throttle position sensor and the electronic control unit and configured to modify the actual position signal into a modified position signal, and to send the modified position signal to the electronic control unit.

Abstract: One aspect is an electronic throttle control system including an electronic control unit configured to receive actuation signals indicative of a user action and to generate an actuation signal indicative of the user action. A throttle plate motor is configured to receive the actuation signal from the electronic control unit and to move a throttle plate in response thereto. A throttle position sensor is configured to sense the actual position of the throttle plate and to generate an actual position signal indicative of the throttle plate position. A throttle modifier is coupled between the throttle position sensor and the electronic control unit and configured to modify the actual position signal into a modified position signal, and to send the modified position signal to the electronic control unit.