Abstract: Methods for the continuous determination of the properties of a flow of wood fibers for use in the production of fiberboard are disclosed including determining reference value characteristics for calibration samples of the fibers, determining predetermined relationships between those reference value characteristics and measured spectral values for the fibers utilizing multivariant statistical regression methods, measuring reflectance spectral values for the fibers illuminated by light, and determining the fiber characteristics relating to the properties from the measured spectral values utilizing the predetermined relationship.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for controlling conveyor systems including providing status information for each of a plurality of conveyors, providing control information for each of the conveyors based solely upon the status information from that conveyor and from adjacent conveyors, and controlling each of the conveyors by communicating the control information between the adjacent conveyors.

Abstract: Methods and systems for the treatment of pulp are provided. The methods include dewatering pulp to a fiber concentration of at least 20%, shredding the dewatered pulp in a closed pulp shredding vessel, transporting the shredded pulp without compression continuously out of the pulp shredding vessel through an outlet pipe which is kept completely filled with passing pulp, directly transporting the shredded pulp to a reaction vessel through a gas-tight conduit gas sealed from the surroundings and communicating with the outlet pipe and the reaction vessel, bleaching the shredded pulp in the reaction vessel with ozone gas, and regulating the gas pressure in the pulp shredding vessel and in the reaction vessel so that ozone gas is prevented from leaking upstream through the outlet pipe.

Abstract: Apparatus for use as a portion of a refining surface of a rotatable refining disk is disclosed. The apparatus includes a refining segment having a periphery and being mountable on a rotatable refining disk in juxtaposition with an opposing refiner disk for treating lignocellulosic material in the gap between the disks, and at least one cleaner protruding from the periphery of the refining segment between that periphery and the refiner housing surrounding the refiner whereby lignocellulosic material is cleared from the outer periphery of the refining disk upon its rotation.

Abstract: Apparatus for screening pulp suspensions is provided, including a housing, a rotary screen within the housing, a screen chamber between the rotary screen and the housing, a reject outlet, an accept outlet, an outer screen surface defining the outer surface of the screen chamber, a bottom screen surface defining the lower surface of the screen chamber, a slot ring at the bottom screen surface and adjacent to a knob ring at the lower end of the rotary screen, and an adjustment screw for adjusting the size of the gap between the knob ring and the slot ring from outside of the housing.

Abstract: Apparatus for use as at least a portion of the refining surface of a refining disk is disclosed for use in a refiner for lignocellulosic material disposed in a refiner housing, the apparatus including a refiner segment having a periphery and mountable on the refining disk in juxtaposition with an opposing refining disk for treating the lignocellulosic material in the refining gap therebetween and a guide disposed along the entire periphery of the refining segment whereby lignocellulosic material leaving the refining gap is deflected from being thrown directly against the refiner housing.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for measuring the stress forces in refining disks are disclosed. The method includes providing a measuring surface comprising at least a portion of a plurality of refiner bars on the refining surface of a refining disk, resiliently mounting the measuring surface in the refiner surface, and measuring the stress forces across the measuring surface.

Abstract: Methods for drying fibrous lignocellulosic material are provided in connection with the manufacture of fiberboard. The fibrous material is transported with a first drying gas through a first drying line to a first cyclone where the first drying gas in conducted away from the fibrous material. Thereafter, the material is transported with a second drying gas through a second drying line to a second cyclone, where the second drying gas is conducted away while the fibrous material is advanced to a subsequent step. The second drying gas, which is conducted away from the second cyclone, is recirculated to the first drying step and used as a portion of the first drying gas. A portion of the first drying gas, which is conducted away from the first cyclone, is recirculated and used as drying gas at the first drying step.

Abstract: A means for binding wire around an object. The means comprises a feeding unit (2) with a feeding wheel (11) for feeding and stretching the wire (3). The measuring of fed wire length normally takes place in that the feeding wheel (11) rotates through a predetermined number of revolutions. Sliding between the wire (3) and feeding wheel (11), however, implies that the position of the wire cannot be determined accurately. As a solution of this problem a separate measuring means (5) is provided for continuously measuring the fed wire length (3), where the measuring is carried out without the measuring means (5) feeding the wire (3).

Abstract: Refining elements for refining discs for disc refiners for the manufacture of mechanical pulp are disclosed, having improved wear resistance by utilizing alloys with precipitated carbides. An improved service life is obtained with a refining disk having the following analysis in % by weight: 2.96 C, 0.77 Si, 0.82 Mn, 24.2 Cr, 5.16 v, 0.04 Ni, 0.03 Mo, and the reminder Fe and impurities. After casting, the refining segments are hardened and annealed and assume a hardness of 57-63 HRC.

Abstract: Apparatus for the screening of fiber suspensions is disclosed including a housing, a reject outlet and an accept outlet, a screen located within the housing, a rotor including pulsation wings mounted therein, a reject chamber in the housing for collecting a reject portion of the fiber suspension, and an accept chamber for collecting the accept portion of the fiber suspension passing through the screen and supplying it to the accept outlet, each of the pulsation wings including an outside face and an inside face, a leading edge, a trailing edge, and upper and lower ends so that a predetermined pressure difference is created between the outside and inside faces of the pulsation wings in the direction of the lower edge thereof.

Abstract: Apparatus for separating a fiber suspension is provided including a housing with an upper chamber in the upper portion thereof, a rotor rotatably mounted in the housing, a first rotary screen mounted for rotation with the rotor and dividing the housing into a first screen chamber and a first accept chamber, a second screen radially outward from the rotor defining a second screen chamber, the diameter of the first rotary screen being less than that of the second screen, the first rotary screen being located within the second screen, an inlet, a reject outlet, at least one accept outlet and a stator within the first rotary screen including at least one pulse member for creating a pulse within the first rotary screen, the diameter of the housing being less than the diameter of the second screen and the first rotary screen being separated from the second screen chamber and located at least partially within the second screen chamber.

Abstract: A sluice (2) for discharging bulk material, in particular fibers, from a cyclone device comprises a circumferential wall (4) in the form of a curved bendable band, which defines a generally cylindrical chamber (10) with an inlet (38) for receiving bulk material from the cyclone device and an outlet (14) for discharging bulk material substantially tangentially from the cylindrical chamber. A sluice wheel (16) is rotatable in the chamber about a vertical axis (12) extending through the center of the sluice wheel for sluicing the bulk material in batches from the inlet through the chamber to the outlet. The inlet (38) is situated centrally above the sluice wheel for supplying bulk material substantially axially to the slice wheel.

Abstract: Apparatus for continuously separating a stream of solid particles and a gas is provided including a housing with a tangential inlet for the stream of solid particles in a gas, a first outlet for the solid particles and a second outlet for the gas, a rotor rotatably mounted within the housing and including a plurality of carriers thereabout, the tangential inlet and the first outlet being disposed on the periphery of the housing spaced from each other in the circumferential direction, and an airtight discharge conduit associated with the first outlet, and second outlet being located centrally in the housing.

Abstract: Refining elements for use in a disk refiner are provided, in which the refining elements include an outer surface with a plurality of raised bars separated by grooves, the raised bars including an upper surface having a first longitudinal edge and at least one step defining a second longitudinal edge at an intermediate height between the first longitudinal edge and the outer surface of the refining element.

Abstract: A method and a device for continuous forming of a mat of particle lignocellulosic material by means of a batching unit (12) with a distribution chamber (15) in connection with the manufacture of board. The material is deposited on a continuous forming web (16), and the width of the mat is controlled by means of laterally movable partition walls (30) in the distribution chamber (15). The main part of the material is deposited on the forming web (16) between the partition walls (30), and the partial amount of the particle material dropping outside the partition walls (30) is diverted by means (32) and discharged separately in the distribution chamber (15) and re-used in the mat forming, in that it is directly placed as a surface layer of the mat by distribution means (35).

Abstract: Conveyor systems are disclosed including a chain conveyor for carrying a predetermined load, a frame for the chain conveyor, a track, wheels for supporting the frame for movement along the track from a predetermined reference position, the chain conveyor being movably supported on the frame for movement from the predetermined reference position, and sensors for detecting the position of the conveyor along the track with respect to the first predetermined reference position without direct contact, or for detecting the position of the chain conveyor with respect to the second predetermined reference position without direct contact, the sensors delivering a train of pulses corresponding to a predetermined distance of movement of the conveyor along the track or of movement of the chain conveyor with respect to the frame, whereby the position of the conveyor along the track or of the chain carrier can be determined.

Abstract: A method for continuously forming a fiber mat for use in manufacturing fiberboard is disclosed including metering fibrous material, depositing the fibrous material onto a moving surface, forming a fiber mat from the fibrous material by applying adjustable rotary rolls to the surface of the fiber mat with the rolls being disposed along a predetermined direction and including a final adjustable rotary roll, in which a bulb of the fibrous material is formed prior to the final adjustable rotary roll which, in turn, defines the upper surface of the fiber mat, detecting the size of the bulb of fibrous material, and controlling the vertical position of the final adjustable rotary roll based on the size of the bulb of fibrous material.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for refining lignocellulosic material including a pair of refining elements facing each other for relative rotation to refine the lignocellulosic material passing through the refining gap between the refining elements. The refining elements include rows of projecting working pins with substantially circular cross-sections and strips projecting above the refining element surface and extending substantially circumferentially along the refining surfaces. The rows of projecting working pins are disposed at selected radial positions on the two refining surfaces so that they avoid contact with each other during relative rotation of the two refining surfaces.

Abstract: Centrifugal pumps are disclosed for pumping a pulp suspension including a housing, a rotary shaft mounted within the housing, an impeller including a hub and blades, a wheel disk mounting the blades and including openings for discharging gas generated in the pump, vacuum blades mounted on the hub behind the wheel disk, a vacuum housing enclosing the vacuum blades, the vacuum housing including an outer cylindrical wall which is radially displaced and eccentrically disposed with respect to the vacuum blades, the vacuum housing including a front wall and a rear wall separated from the vacuum blades by a gap, the rear wall being axially adjustable so that the gap between the vacuum blades and the rear wall can be adjusted to adjust the vacuum generated thereby, and a passageway for communication between the openings in the wheel disk and the suction opening.