Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing a pyrolysis product, in which raw material are fed to the pyrolysis reactor and gaseous pyrolysis product fractions and by-product fractions are formed from raw material by pyrolysis in a pyrolysis reactor. According to the invention the method comprising steps: combusting at least one by-product fraction from the pyrolysis reactor in at least two combustors, and recovering energy formed in the combustor.

Abstract: The method includes guiding a light beam to a first optical path, the light beam being attenuated to an attenuated light beam and detecting a first value indicative of a first intensity of the attenuated light beam. The method further includes generating a last light pulse, dissociating at least part of the gas compound molecules (optionally excited) or dissociated parts thereof (optionally excited) on the first optical path to first part atoms, molecules, ions, or radicals, and to another part using the last light pulse, the light beam being further attenuated by absorption to the first part atoms, molecules, ions, or radicals on the first optical path. The method further includes detecting a second value indicative of a second intensity of the attenuated light beam and determining, using the first and second values, the gas compound content of the gas mixture. A gas compound measuring device measures uses the method.

Abstract: The invention relates to the improvement of the fuel-properties of biomass in an integrated manner to facilitate storage, shipping and applicability thereof. In the process, biomass (6) is thermally treated within a combustion process to cause partial torrefaction of the organic matter present in biomass, thus yielding components inert to biological decomposition processes. Constituents (10) separated in gaseous form are utilized as fuel, while the thermally treated biomass (8) remaining in the solid form is utilized in a separate process.

Abstract: A boiler grate including air channels for supplying primary air to a furnace of a boiler. At least one channel, which is open on top, is arranged to collect ash and material from the furnace. At least one removal element is arranged in the channel and to mechanically move ash and material along the channel. A boiler includes a grate, a furnace which is limited by the walls of the furnace and the grate, and an ash chute, which is arranged to remove ash and material from the furnace. The ash removal elements is arranged to move ash and material towards the air chute.

Abstract: In a method for processing ash, fly ash is separated from a product gas flow obtained from gasification of fuel, which fly ash is burned in fluidized bed combustion to reduce the carbon content of the ash. After this, the flue gases from the combustion are processed. In a first step, the ash is burned in fluidized bed combustion (fluidized bed reactor 1) at a temperature of not higher than 800° C. to reduce the carbon content, and in a second step, the flue gases a burned in an independent combustion process (combustion chamber 7), the combustion conditions reaching the temperature of at least 850° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and equipment for treatment of black liquor at a pulp mill in order to recover chemicals and energy contained therein. In the invention, the black liquor is pyrolyzed in a pyrolysis reactor (4), the formed gaseous components are forwarded for utilization and the solids are mixed with water, whereby the formed solids are returned to a lime burning kiln (1) and the sodium-hydroxide-containing liquid is returned to the pulp cooking process.