Abstract: A line of golf clubs tailored to the swing speed of the golfer. The basic principles of the present invention can be applied to a single club, but optimally these principles are applied to a plurality of different club heads designed to the specific speed range of the golfer; namely, 50 to 65 mph, 66 to 80 mph, 81 to 95 mph, 96 to 105 mph, and 106 to 140 mph. Maximum ball exit speed from the club head is achieved from club face deflection in each of these ranges near the maximum at which the face wall reaches its permanent elastic deformation. To achieve these principles, the face wall firstly is designed so that the face wall modulus of elasticity increases from a low modulus for the low swing speed range to progressively higher moduli for the higher swing speed ranges. Face modulus can be altered by a variety of a techniques including face wall thinning and face wall reinforcement or a combination of both.

Abstract: A high impact golf club head with a face wall surrounded by a perimeter wall. After initial ball impact this face wall deflects and impacts a separate light weight open cellular structure that supports the face wall as it deflects and minimizes face wall failure.

Abstract: A space-saving multiple tier vertical flow toaster for simultaneously toasting items loaded vertically from the top of the toaster. The first items loaded into the toaster pass through an upper tier and are arrested in a lower tier. The next items loaded are arrested in the upper tier and both the upper tier and lower tier items are toasted sequentially. A control system discharges the lower tier items first and then discharges the upper tier items enabling them to pass through the lower tier and be discharged.

Abstract: A rotary latch for a clamshell housing with truncated circular upper and lower lugs, that can if desired, be made in a single plastic molding and rotatably attached to the housing without any rivets, pins or screws. The upper lug has an arcuate extent of more than 180 degrees and the lower lug has an arcuate extent coaxial with the upper lug but less than 180 degrees. The latch is an annular plastic body that is deformed to snap over and rotatably mount on the upper lug, effected by an annular recess in the body that extends 360 degrees inside around the body so as the body rotates on the upper lug, it never loses contact over any portion thereof. The lower lug is axially offset from the upper lug and the latch body has a latch cup portion that scoops and aligns the lower lug with the upper lug in three orthogonal coordinates. The latch cup portion is also axially offset from the upper lug so it can pass behind the upper lug as the latch body is rotated from a latch position to a release position.

Abstract: A golf club head with a shortened hosel and extended ferrule including a hollow body having a ball striking wall, and a top wall extending rearwardly from the ball striking wall. The hosel extends downwardly from the top wall with a shaft receiving bore therein, and extends upwardly from the top surface of the club a much shorter distance than conventional with a flat top surface much larger than normal and an annular outer surface that flares sharply outwardly. The ferrule head in some embodiments has a larger than normal lower surface equal in size and shape to the hosel top surface with an outer surface that curves sharply outwardly and downwardly in lower portions thereof in a smooth transition into the hosel outer surface. The top of the hosel bore is chamfered, and the ferrule is epoxied not only to the inserted shaft but also to the enlarged hosel top surface to increase the hosel's ability to absorb side loading from the inserted shaft.

Abstract: A golf club head with an internal power shaft that extends along the target line. In a high volume club head embodiment above 250 cm..sup.3, constructed of a low modulus alloy compared to stainless steel, the power shaft has a preload, or static compression, to increase the modulus of elasticity of the head and ball striking face. This preload technique is expanded in another embodiment into a semi-customized line of golf club woods, where the club head modulus of elasticity increases with the golfer's club head speed by progressively increasing preload in the club head line. The power shaft is press-fitted into the rear of the ball striking face to reduce bonding and welding difficulties in joining the power shaft to the ball striking face. The modulus of the face wall and the power shaft is enhanced by casting or welding the sole plate of the club head along an axial extent directly to the outer surface of the power shaft thereby increasing its columnar strength.

Abstract: A pool or beach chair that when flipped over converts to a supine body support for back tanning consisting of an arcuate tubular body support shorter in length than an average adult female wrapped with fabric or elastic bands on both sides. Tubular legs on one side support the body support in the chair mode and tubular loops on the other side form chair arms in the arm mode and ground supports for one end of the body support in the inverted supine mode. The other end of the body support is supported in the inverted supine mode by a pair of smaller tubular loops at the head end of the body support that also serve as handles for moving the chair or flipping it over to the inverted supine mode or position.

Abstract: A spinal brace and exercise implement for the human spine, and particularly its cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions, including a rigid cylindrical base surrounded by a high deflection factor foam material.

Abstract: A set of golf club irons each with a vertically and horizontally enlarged face without any increase in club head overall weight. The face extends horizontally beyond the hosel to create true heel weighting and an increased radius of gyration. Face enlargement is achieved by crossed bridge span bars and a cellular network in a cavity behind the ball striking face that are both concave to achieve progressive perimeter weighting.

Abstract: A metal wood golf club having an enlarged metal club head with a crowned top wall extending rearwardly from a ball striking face wall, a toe wall and a heel wall also projecting rearwardly from the face wall--but without a sole plate. The toe wall and heel wall are enclosed by the top wall and a pair of spaced generally vertical weighting walls integral with and extending rearwardly from the forward wall. The two areas enclosed by the top wall, heel and toe walls, and weight walls are hollow to achieve the desired head weight, and the area between the weight walls is open, and the weight of the sole plate normally enclosing that area is redistributed to the weight walls to achieve true heel and toe weighting.

Abstract: A wood-type golf club having an enlarged club head in the range of 250 to 300 cm.3 constructed of a material lighter than steel to maintain the total club head weight within normal limits including the weight of novel power shaft according to the present invention. The club head, without the power shaft, is approximately 175 gms. and the power shaft weighs approximately 25 gms., so the total club head weight is approximately 200 gms. and within normal limits. The power shaft, integral with the rear of the ball striking face wall at its forward end and integral or cast into the rear of the club head at its rear end, while reinforcing the ball striking face wall, increases the resonant frequency of the face wall to synchronize face wall rebound to the player's swing speed. Face wall resonant frequency is varied by changing the size and weight of the power shaft.

Abstract: An improved high impact metal clubhead with a unique reinforced composite face wall, increased radius of gyration, and a positive lift air foil surface contour. The composite face wall includes an impact supporting wall rigidified by a pattern of integrally cast reinforcing bars that extend forwardly, rather than rearwardly, from the supporting wall. The reinforced supporting wall is covered by a very hard plastic ball striking insert that is cast in situ over the supporting wall. The increase in radius of gyration is accomplished by extending the heel and toe portions of the clubhead along the face wall further from the geometric center of the head, beyond present day parameters for high impact clubheads. And the positive lift is effected by contouring the top wall of the clubhead downwardly and rearwardly from the base wall more severely almost to the plane of the sole plate, and flattening the rear wall so it is almost co-planar with the sole plate.