Abstract: A process is disclosed for the fermentative production of the ergotropically effective antibiotic nourseothricin, with which, using different carbohydrate sources and suitable inorganic and organic nitrogen sources as well as different mineral salts, with or without addition of stock substances of the respiratory chain or the intracellular amino acid transport, and through influencing the phosphate substance exchange and avoidance of further limitations with regulated acidity conditions, high concentrations of this antibiotic are cultivated in the culture solution. The recovery of the active substance in the culture solution follows either by chromatographic techniques in the form of salts or through addition of a physiologically compatible adsorbent as mycelium-containing nourseothricin-adsorbate, which preferably can be added to the dosaging of mixed feed agents.

Abstract: A method is provided for the production of antimicrobially effective phenol derivatives according to general Formula I in which R.sub.1 is bromine or chlorine, R.sub.2 is methyl or ethyl, R.sub.3 is hydrogen or sodium, potassium, ammonium or by alkyl with up to 10 C-atoms substituted ammonium, magnesium, calcium, barium, aluminum, tin, bismuth, copper, zinc, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are independently hydrogen, alkyl or alkoxy with up to 5 C-atoms, bromine or chlorine. The compounds are obtained by benzylation of 6-halogen- or 4-halogen-2-alkylphenol, halogenation of 2-alkyl-4-benzylphenol or -6-benzylphenol, or by alkylation of 6-halogen-4-benzylphenol or of 4-halogen-6-benzylphenol and if necessary through reaction of the product with hydroxide, alcoholate, carbonate or hydrogen carbonate of the above-mentioned metals. Water or lipid soluble effective substances are obtained which display a broad antimicrobial activity spectrum.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the separation of 4-androsten-3,17-dione/1,4-androstadien-3,17-dione mixtures, which are produced, e.g., upon microbiological sterol-side chain decomposition, through conversion of said mixture into a mixture of 17.beta.-cyano-17.alpha.-hydroxy-4-androsten-3-one/17.beta.-cyano-17.alpha .-hydroxy-1,4-androstadien-3-one, from which the difficultly soluble 17.beta.-cyano-17.alpha.-hydroxy-4-androsten-3-one is separated in crystalline form through filtration, and the 17.beta.-cyano-17.alpha.-hydroxy-1,4-androstadiene remaining in the mother liquor is re-split, directly or after extraction with organic solvent, by treatment in alkaline medium, into 1,4-androstadien-3,17-dione, and isolated as such. The separation of the products follows in high yields, and in sufficient purity for further working-up in the synthesis of androstane and pregnane derivatives, as well as estratrienes.

Abstract: In order to allow for the greatest possible range of variation in the rate of liberation of active agents within an organism and to allow for the use of a wide variety of active agents in solid drug formulations, cellulose graft copolymers are employed as adjuvant. The excellent flow properties and compacting behavior of these cellulose graft copolymers allow for formulation without the need for additional process steps, while variations in the type and proportion of the grafted components allows for the synthesis of adjuvants ideally suited for a specific intended use.

Abstract: New gona-4,9(10)-dienes of formula I ##STR1## where R is alkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms and X is Cl, Br, F, N.sub.3, SCN, CN, OH, OR'(R'-alkyl), NH.sub.2, a substituted amino group or a heterocyclic compound including nitrogen in the ring. The compounds have valuable biological properties, especially hormonal and antihormonal effects, and can be used to advantage in pharmaceutical preparation, for the treatment of endocrinopathies and for reproduction control in human beings and livestock.The invention also embraces a process for making the compounds by converting 3-methoxy-13.beta.-R-gona-2,5(10)-diene-17.beta.-spiro-1,`2`-ox iranes to 17.beta.-hydroxy-17.alpha.-CH.sub.2 -13.beta.-R-gona-4,9(10)-diene-3-ones to the 17.alpha.-CH.sub.2 X-14.beta.-ols which are hydrolyzed to the 17.beta.-OH which latter are then converted to the compounds of formula I.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula ##STR1## in which R' is hydrogen or a methyl radical; R is a hydroxyl, acetoxy, arylaminocarbonyloxy, alkylaminocarbonyloxy radical;Z is hydrogen or a lower alkyl, orR and Z together are oxygen.These compounds exhibit a very favorable separation of desirable contraceptive and undesirable uterine and antigonadotrophic properties.

Abstract: New gona-4,9(10)-dienes of formula I ##STR1## where R is alkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms and X is Cl, Br, F, N.sub.3, SCN, CN, OH, OR'(R'=alkyl), NH.sub.2, a substituted amino group or a heterocyclic compound including nitrogen in the ring. The compounds have valuable biological properties, especially hormonal and antihormonal effects, and can be used to advantage in pharmaceutical preparations for the treatment of endocrinopathies and for reproduction control in human beings and livestock.The invention also embraces a process for making the compounds by converting 3-methyoxy-13.beta.-R-gona-2,5(10)-diene-17.beta.-spiro-1',2'-o xiranes first to 17.beta.-hydroxy-17.alpha.-CH.sub.2 X-13.beta.-R-gon-5(10)-en-3-one, then to the 17.beta.-hydroxy-17.alpha.-CH.sub.2 X-13.beta.-R-gona-4,9(10)-diene-3-ones of formula I.

Abstract: DL pantolactone is made by(a) introducing isobutyraldehyde, formalin and sodium cyanide solution continuously at a predetermined rate into a circulation reactor, continuously circulating the said mixture in said reactor while cooling the circulating mass in a heat exchanger, thus continuously causing the heat generated in the reaction between the components of said mixture to be discharged in said heat exchanger and by continuously re-mixing the formed reaction product with the reaction components;(b) continuously passing part of the reaction product into an after-treatment reactor where the said reaction is completed without re-mixing so as to form formisobutyraldolcyanohydrin;(c) passing the latter product into a first reaction chamber, reacting therein the product with a continuously introduced non-oxidizing strong acid at an elevated temperature and pressure so as to hydrolyze the product, thus forming a solution of .alpha.,.gamma.-dihydroxy-.beta.,.beta.

Abstract: A process for the resolution of optical isomers of racemic lithium pantoate by selective crystallization from a solution in methanol, ethanol, or other polar solvents, or by electrostatic separation. The optical isomers can be readily converted to optically active pantolactones which are the starting material for the preparation of optically active pantothenic acid and its salt and pantothenyl alcohol. One of the two optical isomers of each of these compounds possesses vitamin activity. The unwanted or inactive optical isomer of lithium pantoate as such is thermally stable and can be racemized by heating in the presence of a basic reacting compound at a temperature between 120 and 180.degree. C to produce a racemic mixture which can then be subjected directly to resolution without conversion to some other derivative in accordance with the processes of the present invention to produce the desired or active optical isomer.

Abstract: An apparatus for making DL-pantolactone in a continuous process comprises the following parts and setup:A circulation heater and a circulation reactor, means for introducing the components into the reactor, a heat-exchanger forming part of the circulation reactor, a longitudinal aftertreatment reactor and a final longitudinal reactor comprising dual reaction chambers with means for applying heat and pressure in the first chamber and maintaining the reaction product in the second chamber at such heat and pressure. The apparatus may also include a chamber for forming a premix of some of the components with a subsequent cooling device prior to the introduction into the circulation reactor. It may furthermore include a stripping column and pulsation column for recovering the final product from the solution.

Abstract: The method comprises preheating a cyanide solution to be detoxified by passing the cyanide solution through a heat exchanger and initiating a detoxifying hydrolysis of the cyanide solution by subjecting the cyanide solution to a temperature shock raising the temperature of the cyanide solution to between about 200.degree. and 250.degree. C and passing the cyanide solution through a tubular reactor at a pressure of between about 40 and 140 atm.

Abstract: Gona-1,3,5(10),9(11)-tetraenes having the formula ##STR1## IN WHICH FORMULA N IS 1 OR 2,R.sup.1 is a hydrogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, or alkanoyl substituent,R.sup.2 is a hydrogen, alkoxy, acetoxy, alkyl, akenyl, or alkynyl substituent, or a substituent having the formula --CH.sub.2 X in which X is a halogen, pseudohalogen, or O-alkyl substituent, orR.sup.1 or R.sup.2 together are oxygen, or a methyleneoxy or ethylenedioxy substituent,R.sup.3 is a hydroxy, alkoxy, alkanoyl, or alkoxymethyleneoxy substituent, andR.sup.4 is a methyl or ethyl substituent,Are made from gona-1,3,5(10)trienes by electrolysis of a solution thereof in water and/or a primary or secondary alcohol in the presence of an electroconductive compound.The gona-1,3,5(10),9(11)-tetraenes are intermediates for the production of steroidal pharmaceuticals for fertility control in human and animal therapeutics.