Abstract: A focal-plane leaf shutter for photographic cameras, comprises an opening group of leaves and a closing group of leaves, each group having a main leaf which forms a parallelogram linkage with a pair of carrier levers, and secondary leaves. The main leaves serve to define an exposure aperture. The carrier levers are mounted by means of stationary pivot journals on a plate at one short side of the exposure aperture and the main leaves are pivotally connected by means of bearing journals to the free ends of the carrier levers. The secondary leaves are connected with the carrier levers at intervals between the pivot journals and the bearing journals. The two innermost carrier levers forming parallelogram linkages with the main leaves are mounted on a common pivot journal.

Abstract: A monocular reflex camera having a device for adjusting the viewfinding position of a viewfinder mirror of which the pivot spindle is arranged in crankshaft manner in the camera housing, the viewfinder mirror being urged by a spring in the viewfinding position against first and second stop devices. Each stop device consists of a stop and a flat face arranged opposite to the stop. The flat faces of the two stop devices are arranged either on a setting carrier in the camera housing or on the mirror carrier. The flat faces of the two stop devices extend in mutually parallel planes. The first and second stop devices are shiftable both in relation to one another for the adjustment of the oblique position of the viewfinder mirror and in common for the sharp focussing of the viewfinder image.

Abstract: A monocular reflex camera having a viewfinder mirror and carrier assembly movable between a viewing position of the camera and an exposure taking position comprises a pivoted crank arm of which the pivot shaft is articulated connected with the mirror carrier close to the centre of gravity. The carrier has a lateral stop lug arrange at a distance from the pivot shaft and protruding into the path of the movement of the crank arm. A spring urges the stop lug into abutment with the crank arm. Stops are provided for locating said mirror assembly in the exposure taking position, and also in the viewfinding position. During the viewing position of the mirror and over a substantial portion of its travel into the exposure taking position, the lug is maintained in engagement with said crank arm by said spring and on arrival at the picture taking position the lug disengages the crank arm against the action of the spring.

Abstract: An arrangement for the automatic critical focusing of optical systems in mirror reflex cameras provided with a partially transmitting reflex mirror, an image field lens arranged in the viewfinder ray path as well as a range-finder image plane, which is equivalent to the film plane. The range-finder image plane, which contains image-forming and deflecting optical components, is arranged in the optical axis of the viewfinder system. By these means a reduction of the expenditure of optical components as well as of the required assembly and adjustment expenditure for automatic critical focusing devices is achieved.

Abstract: The photographic bellows unit is provided with a device for indicating the distance between the standards which support the bellows and are adjustable relative to each other. There are arranged between the standards (2;3) two scissors-shaped levers (8;13) which are hingedly inter-connected at one lever end and whose other end is rotatably hinged to respectively one of the standards (2;3). An index (15) is arranged on one pivotable lever (13) and a measuring scale is arranged on the other pivotable lever (8).In this manner it is possible to avoid the computational determination of the respective distance between the two standards as the indicating device allows the distance between the two standards to be read directly irrespective of the position of the standards with respect to the guide.

Abstract: A release mechanism is provided for the viewfinder mirror, which is held in the viewfinder position, of a single-lens mirror reflex camera having a photoelectrically controlled lens diaphragm. A locking device in the release mechanism, which device interrupts the closing of the lens diaphragm, comprises a detent tooth (31) which keeps the viewfinder mirror (27) in the viewfinder position against the action of the swivel spring (30). The tooth (31) can be brought out of engagement with the swivelling lever (10) of the viewfinder mirror (27) upon the electromagnetic release of the locking device for the interruption of the closing of the lens diaphragm.This achieves a release of the viewfinder mirror, and thus the initiation of the exposure operation, to be effected approximately simultaneously with the photoelectrically controlled interruption of the closing of the diaphragm.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mirror mechanism for a monocular reflex camera with a laminated focal plane shutter, in which at least the opening blades of the shutter are automatically guided back into their initial positions by a spring-operated guidance member after the exposing procedure.To simplify construction of the opening blades return mechanism there is provided an arm on the shutter return mechanism which is capable of being coupled to the swivel lever for the viewfinder mirror when the opening blades move back. The swivel lever can be moved back against the action of a spring and held by a catch.

Abstract: The micro-filming apparatus comprises an object table, a camera head arranged above said table, a frame pivotally mounted on said table, a glass plate and mounting therefor mounted on said frame, said glass plate being capable of movement perpendicularly of the plane of the frame to adjust the distance between the object and the film, setting sliders mounted on said frame movable between first and second positions, a handle attached to said sliders by which movement between said two positions is effected, and coacting means arranged between said sliders and the plate to effect perpendicular movement of said glass plate on movement of said sliders, wherein on movement of said sliders into the first position the lower surface of the glass plate is brought into the picture-taking plane and on movement into the second position the upper surface of the plate is brought into the picture-taking plane.

Abstract: The blade-type focal plane shutter formed with a plurality of telescopically operating opening blades movable in front of a film gate. A drive lever for the opening blades is operatively connected to said opening blades and carries a diffusedly reflecting mirror which before the commencement of the exposure operation lies in front of the opening blades in the film gate and is movable out of the film gate during the opening movement of the opening blades. The mirror together with the opening blades forms a reflection factor which corresponds to the mean reflection factor of different film types.

Abstract: The exposure metering circuit comprises a differential amplifier, whose inputs are connected to a measuring bridge consisting of a photo-conductive cell and setting controls for the insertion of exposure factors and whose outputs are connected to light-emitting elements for the indication of a set under-exposure, over-exposure or the correct exposure. The two measuring bridge feed points are connected across a resistor, on the one hand, and across a transistor which is driven by means of a voltage derived from the common emitter circuit of the differential amplifier, on the other hand, to an operating voltage source.

Abstract: The invention relates to a focusing screen for photographic cameras with split-image range finder, of which the wedges lying side by side are inclined oppositely to one another and extend obliquely of the lateral edges of the focusing screen.Known focusing screens of this kind each have a pair of coincidence wedges inclined oppositely at equal angles. In order that horizontal and vertical contours can be used for focusing, the single line of intersection between the coincidence wedge pair is arranged obliquely in relation to the lateral edges of the focusing screen. In comparison with a wedge pair with horizontal or vertical line of intersection, as a result of this oblique arrangement of the intersection line the accuracy of measurement reduces.In accordance with the invention this is achieved in that on both sides of a central wedge there are provided lateral wedges inclined oppositely thereto which have the same angle of inclination as one another.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for internal measurement of the exposure in photographic cameras where the light penetrating the picture-taking or objective lens is fed by way of a mirror to a photoelectric cell.A marginal reflective surface faces the objective lens and surrounds a picture window adjacent the film surface. The marginal surface is formed as a concave mirror the optical axis of which is inclined to the optical axis of the objective lens so as to reflect part of the light therefrom to the photoelectric cell.

Abstract: A microfilm camera is provided which has a camera head positioned above an exposure table. The exposure table included a pivotable glass plate and originals to be photographed can be placed beneath the glass plate or on its upper surface. To enable in-focus pictures of originals in either position to be taken, means are provided to vary the distance between the film in the camera head and the glass plate. In one embodiment the exposure table is mounted on four columns each having a lifting cam operated by a common activating handle. In a second embodiment the camera head can be raised or lowered by a handle operated eccentric cam.

Abstract: A viewfinder and exposure factor indicator system for photographic cameras comprising an indicator panel, a micro-luminous element for illuminating said panel, and a reproduction system arranged between the luminous element and the indicator panel. The image of said luminous element can be reproduced at the exit of said viewfinder system.

Abstract: The lamellar focal-plane shutter for monocular mirror reflex cameras comprises a swivelling viewfinder mirror and shutter blades returning automatically to their starting positions after each exposure operation. The intrinsically stationary end of an opening spring which is connected to an opening lever is fastened to a first tensioning plate and the intrinsically stationary end of a closing spring, which is connected to a closing lever, is fastened to a second tensioning plate. Both tensioning plates are interconnected by a coupling rod which is tensioned against the action of a return spring upon the winding and cocking action of the camera. The rod is held in this tensioned position by a detent lever which can be actuated for the release of the coupling rod by means of a releasing arm which is moved back to its start position when the viewfinder mirror returns to the observing position.

Abstract: A flash switching arrangement for a camera which includes a shutter with an opening leaf and a closing leaf and has a contact nipple and a contact shoe for the attachment of flash units. The switching arrangement includes first and second switching means electrically connected between the first contact shoe and the contact nipple respectively. First coupling means are connectible between the first and second switching means and the opening leaf of the shutter. Second coupling means are connectible between the first and second switching means and the closing leaf of the shutter. On actuation of the shutter, the opening leaf effects closure of both the first and second switching means to ignite the flash unit and after exposure, the closing leaf effects opening of both the first and second switching means.

Abstract: A single-lens reflex camera having an interchangeable objective lens and an exposure measuring circuit is provided with an adjusting device capable of being connected to a coupling element of a diaphragm stop adjuster and movable in opposition to a spring in accordance with diaphragm values to which a diaphragm detent setting device can be adjusted. The adjusting device is movable by its spring between a position corresponding to the initial diaphragm setting to a basic position on removal of the objective lens. Formed on the adjusting device is a lug which actuates a switch in the exposure measuring circuit to open circuit the latter when the adjusting device is in the basic position.

Abstract: The exposure measuring system for single-lens reflex cameras, in which system the light passing through the objective lens is conveyed to the view finder eyepiece via a view finder reflex mirror, is provided with an additional mirror in the optical path of the camera, which additional mirror is partly translucent. A photo electric cell is pivotally mounted in order to be movable by linkage coupled with the reflex-mirror so that in one position during image viewing the cell receives light from the reflex mirror for light measurement and in another position during film exposure the cell receives light from the additional mirror for controlling exposure time.