Abstract: With this rotating cylinder driven on the outer periphery and running on rollers with pipes or connections that are provided in the area of the rotating cylinder heads connected to the rotating cylinder ends for product intake, product gas removal, and solid matter discharge for thermal treatment, low-temperature carbonization or pyrolysis of liquid or solid substances or mixed phases by indirect heating, to improve the sealing function and increase the service life of the sealing packings there is provided between the driven and the stationary parts of the rotating cylinder on both the intake and the discharge side a floating slide ring sealing system. A nonpositive frame structure for each makes possible a revolving joint between the rotating cylinder and the two stationary rotating cylinder heads connected with the pipes or connections.

Abstract: Liquid phase hydrogenation of the liquid products of the low temperature carbonization of waste yields products which are free of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons. The hydrogenation may be catalyzed by the low temperature coke produced in the low temperature carbonization.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for feeding carbonaceous materials into pressurized reaction spaces where partial oxidation or hydrogenation occurs. The feed is compressed into a strand material in a rotable screw conveyor which strand is disintegrated by fluid media.

Abstract: A process for the hydrogenative conversion of mixtures of oil and organic waste products, comprising the steps of:(i) preparing a hydrogenation mixture comprising(a) a heavy oil, residual oil, or mixtures thereof, or(b) a used oil, a waste oil or mixtures thereof, or mixtures of (a) and (b), and(c) one or more organic waste products containing natural or synthetic organic compounds comprising uncrosslinked or crosslinked carbon chains;(ii) contacting said hydrogenation mixture with 0.1-10 wt. % of an additive selected from the group consisting of high surface area suspended solids containing carbon, red mud, iron oxides, electrostatic filter dusts and cyclone dusts, wherein said additive comprises particles in two different particle size ranges, a fine particle fraction with a particle size 90 microns or less, and a coarse particle fraction with a particle size between 100-1000 microns; and(iii) hydrogenating said contacted mixture at a hydrogen partial pressure of 50-350 bar, a temperature of 250.degree.

Abstract: In a first condensation stage (which is on the rising current end of the low-temperature carbonization drum and the equipment for which is integrated) quenching is done with a cooled low-temperature carbonization oil fraction containing solids. Simultaneously the whole discharge opening placed on the rising current end in the base region of the low-temperature carbonization drum for the volatile components of the low-temperature carbonization process is continuously scrubbed clean with the low-temperature carbonization oil fraction containing solids. Additionally, the volatile and liquid components are also drawn off simultaneously.

Abstract: A process for the hydrogenation of heavy oils, residual oils, waste oils, used oils, shell oils, and tar sand oils by hydrogenating a slurry of the oil at a partial hydrogen pressure of 50-300 bar, a temperature of 250.degree.-500.degree. C., a space velocity of 0.1-5 T/m.sup.3 h, and a gas/liquid ratio of 100-10000 Nm.sup.3/ T, wherein the additive comprises two different grain size portions, a fine grain portion having a grain size of 90 microns or less and a coarse grain portion having a grain size of 100-1000 microns.

Abstract: A device for mixing gas and/or vapor streams including liquid components dispersed therein in which the incoming product streams which have been crudely mixed with quench gas, are fed as a single total stream through a collecting plate which covers the reactor cross section, with the streams being collected on the concave side of the plate and passing through it. The streams pass through a mixing pipe which adjoins the outlet of the collecting plate, and the streams further pass through an outer pipe which is configured so as to bring about a reversal of the flow direction. The streams then pass into the space above a distributor device, and are uniformly distributed over the reactor cross section, along with liquid components collected on the distributor, onto a catalyst bed disposed below the distributor.

Abstract: In this process for the removal of residue particles from a discharge opening of a pressurized gasification reactor according to the fluidized bed or flue dust principle the residue particles are removed by a worm conveyor. To avoid pressure fluctuations in the actual gasification process and to perform a continuously operating residue removal not susceptible to disturbances the discharge opening of the worm conveyor housing is provided with an adjustable pressure device for exerting a closing pressure on a closing element.

Abstract: A high pressure relief valve including a housing, an applied spring assembly, a valve seat with a seat opening, a valve poppet, a valve stem, a C-bracket, and an adjusting drive. The valve is intended for pressure relief of liquid hot-separator product which may contain solid components in the form of ash, catalyst, and unreacted coal components. The hot-separator product may be, in particular, a product of the hydrogenative liquefaction of coal.

Abstract: A method for pretreating a coal hydrogenation feedstock with preheated hydrogen containing a hydrogenation gas under high pressure and at elevated temperature, in a liquid phase slurry system, is disclosed. In this process a mixture of a slurry of finely ground coal and a slurry oil are fed to a preheater before being subjected to a hydrogenation and liquefaction reaction in a cascade of reactors at a pressure of from 100 to 40 bars and a temperature of 420.degree. to 490.degree. C. The reaction products are fed to a hot separator.In the process of the invention, prior to its preheating, a first partial stream of the hydrogenation gas, referred to as the slurry gas, is added to the mixture at process pressure. A second partial stream of the hydrogenation gas is heated by indirect heat exchange with a gaseous hot separator product in a gas heat exchanger.

Abstract: A burner having feed ducts for homogeneous or heterogeneous reactants and a burner cooling chamber placed peripherally in the area of a burner head, the burner including, coolant feed and discharge ducts in communication with the burner cooling chamber, a burner lance positionable in a recess in the burner cooling chamber, and a lance for accommodating the feed of the reactants as far as the burner orifice wherein the burner cooling chamber extends over the burner orifice in a downstream direction, starting from a downstream side of the burner orifice, and tapers conically to a smaller cross section so as to form a truncated conical burner prechamber, open on a downstream side thereof.

Abstract: A process for the production of reformer feed and heating or diesel oil from coal which comprises introducing a pulverized coal-oil slurry together with a hydrogenation gas into a liquid-phase hydrogenation stage; remoping solids-containing residue from the discharge from the liquid phase hydrogenation stage, cooling the resulting residue-free volatile coal-oil fraction from the discharge and, if necessary, removing a slurry oil fraction therefrom before feeding the volatile coal-oil fraction to a gas-phase hydrogenation stage; introducing fresh hydrogen which is substantially free of contaminants into the gas-phase hydrogenation stage together with the volatile coal-oil fraction, the fresh hydrogen introduced into the gas-phase hydrogenation stage constituting the entire amount of hydrogen required for the process; and utilizing the waste-gas from the gas-phase hydrogenation as the hydrogenation gas for the liquid-phase hydrogenation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for improving the yield and hydrogen production of catalytic reforming of gasoline derived from mineral oil sources, which at the same time improves knock resistance of the fuel derived. A positive amount of coal-derived feedstocks including refined light coal oil, light oil derived from coal mineral oil refining, gasoline derived from hydrocracking of coal mineral oil and the top product of coal hydrogenation are added to the conventional mineral oil-derived feedstock. An improvement in catalyst residence time is also achieved.

Abstract: A method of producing synthesis gas from coal hydrogenation residues, wherein a coal hydrogenation residue is subjected to a reduced pressure distillation in a one-shaft or multishaft worm apparatus where the gases and vapors evolved are withdrawn and the unvolatilized remaining material is re-pressurized and is then introduced into a gasification reaction.

Abstract: A method for low temperature carbonization of coal hydrogenation residues, wherein a coal hydrogenation residue is subjected to a reduced pressure distillation in a one-shaft or multishaft screw extruder, liberated gases and vapors are drawn off, and non-volatilized remaining material is subjected to low temperature carbonization in a screw extruder.

Abstract: The residues obtained in the hydrogenation of oil, especially heavy oil, or of coal are subjected to low temperature carbonization in a drum, preferably a rotary drum, at temperatures between approximately 400.degree. C. and approximately 600.degree. C., by means of a carbonization gas after the separation of the condensable portions and heating to temperatures between approximately 600.degree. C. and approximately 950.degree. C. which is introduced into the low temperature carbonization drum. The gas is heated to temperatures between approximately 600.degree. C. and approximately 950.degree. C. indirectly by flue gases arising from the combustion of oil or gas, for example, of excess carbonization gas. The residue to be carbonized at low temperature is introduced into the hot gas in a finely dispersed state and preferably atomized.