Abstract: Process for the removal of sulphur dioxide from gases containing sulphur dioxide and oxygen, in which process these gases are brought into contact with a copper-containing acceptor which contains copper on a thermostable, inert support, the charged acceptor obtained is regenerated by terminating the contact with the gas containing sulphur dioxide and oxygen and thereafter bringing the charged acceptor into contact with a reducing gas, and the regenerated acceptor is again brought into contact with the gas containing sulphur dioxide and oxygen, the acceptor being charged with copper in such a quantity that the weight of copper amounts to more than 8% by weight, calculated as metallic copper and based on the total weight of the acceptor, and the copper is present in such a fine state of subdivision on the thermostable support that, present in its reduced form on the support, it has a specific surface area of more than 50 m.sup.2 per gram of the metallic copper on the support.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of conducting a chemical reaction in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst, in which a feedstock is passed through a catalytic reactor, said reactor comprising a solid reactor bed with a catalytically active material present thereon, and at least one heat supplying and/or discharging reactor wall, and in which the catalyst bed consists of elementary particles of material sintered together and to one side of the wall, there being no sintered material present on the other side of the reactor wall, and in which the maximum distance in meters (x.sub.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a catalyst for the selective oxidation of sulphur-containing compounds to elemental sulphur, comprising at least one catalytically active material and optionally a carrier, the catalyst having a specific surface area of more than 20 m.sup.2 /g and an average pore radius of at least 25 .ANG., while under the reaction conditions the catalyst exhibits no substantial activity towards the Claus reaction.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a catalyst for the selective oxidation of sulphur-containing compounds to elemental sulphur, comprising at least one catalytically active material and optionally a carrier, the catalyst having a specific surface area of more than 20 m.sup.2 /g and an average pore radius of at least 25 .ANG., while under the reaction conditions the catalyst exhibits no substantial activity towards the Claus reaction.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for heating air or another gas, comprising at least one gas-fired burner comprising a metal pipe-shaped combustion chamber which is part of the heat exchanger and extends in the path of the air to be heated, wherein the pipe-shaped burner chamber (4) comprises means for enlarging the heat transfer surface, such as fins (V), with the pipe-shaped burner chamber (4) forming the first pass of at least two parallel passes which communicate at their ends via deflecting boxes (5, 6) and the burner (1) being a high-speed burner.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the removal of hydrogen sulfide from gases by passing the gases in the presence of oxygen and steam over a catalytic absorption mass which contains inert porous support materials as support and catalytically active metal sulfides and/or metal oxides for the selective oxidation of hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulfur, the sulfur formed being simultaneously deposited on the absorption mass, and regenerating the charged catalytic absorption mass.

Abstract: The claimed invention relates to a catalytic process for the selective oxidation of sulfur-containing compounds, in particular hydrogen sulfide, to form elemental sulfur. The catalyst includes a carrier of which the surface exposed to the gaseous phase does not exhibit alkaline properties under the reaction conditions, and a catalytically active material applied thereto or formed thereon. The specific surface area of the catalyst is less than 20 m.sup.2 /g catalyst, with less than 10% of the total pore volume having a pore radius between 5 and 500 .ANG.. A process for preparing the catalyst is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for the recovery of sulfur from a hydrogen sulfide containing gas, which comprises oxidizing hydrogen sulfide with oxygen, and then reacting the product gas of this oxidation further by using at least two catalytic stages, in accordance with the equation: 2H.sub.2 S+SO.sub.2 .revreaction.2H.sub.2 O+3/n S.sub.n. In order to improve the process and the process control, the invention is characterized in that the H.sub.2 S concentration in the gas leaving the last catalytic stage is controlled to have a value ranging between 0.8 and 3% by volume by reducing the quantity of combustion or oxidation air passed to the oxidation stage and/or causing a portion of the hydrogen sulfide containing feedstock gas to bypass the oxidation stage and to be added to the gas flowing to a catalytic stage.

Abstract: A catalyst for conducting non-selective oxidation reactions comprising a carrier material consisting mainly of alumina, if required in combination with one or more other metal oxides, the surface of said carrier material having applied thereto a catalytically active component consisting in a fine distribution of one or more oxides of one or more metals from the first series of transition elements of the Periodic Table, said carrier surface having applied thereto a stabilizing element on the basis of a metal or compound of a metal from subgroup 3 or 4 of the Periodic Table, said element being applied so uniformly that after treatment at 1050.degree. C. for 6 hours the catalyst shows no diffraction maxima in the X-ray diffraction pattern having a half-value width less than 1.0 degrees of arc (measured through the double angle of diffraction).

Abstract: A method of carrying out a gas combustion process with recovery of the heat from the combustion gases, which comprises passing said gases during the stationary condition of the process through a recuperator in which a part of the heat released is used for heating the air required for the combustion, and then passing the gases through a reformer in which a part of the residual heat is used for converting fresh gas to be burned with steam, in which method at least during the non-stationary conditions of the process a cooling medium is supplied to the combustion gases before introducing them into the reforming reactor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst for the selective oxidation of sulfur-containing compounds, in particular hydrogen sulfide, to form elemental sulfur, comprising a carrier of which the surface exposed to the gaseous phase does not exhibit alkaline properties under the reaction conditions, and a catalytically active material applied thereto or formed thereon. According to the invention the catalyst is characterized in that the specific surface area of the catalyst is less than 20 m.sup.2 /g catalyst, with less than 10% of the total pore volume having a pore radius between 5 and 500 .ANG.. The invention also relates to a process for preparing the catalyst, and to processes using it.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for monitoring a fluid stream with reference to one or more criteria. Successively a number of samples is drawn from the fluid stream that is at least one more than the number of analysis criteria. Each sampling step includes analyzing a portion of the fluid stream and preserving another portion. At intervals, on the ground of a selection criterion, one of the samples preserved is removed and a fresh sample is drawn, whereby--again--a portion of the fluid stream is analyzed and another portion preserved. The arrangement is such that, at all times, one sample is preserved that corresponds with an extreme value of each of the criteria of analysis.

Abstract: A copper-nickel catalyst containing on an inert, refractory carrier metallic copper and nickel as active component bound to the carrier, characterized in that(a) the catalyst contains at least 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the catalyst, of metallic copper,(b) the catalyst contains less than 20% by weight of metallic nickel, based on the total weight of metallic copper and metallic nickel, the catalyst containing at least 1% by weight of metallic nickel, based on the total weight of the catalyst,(c) at least 80% by weight of the nickel is alloyed in the metallic copper,(d) the copper-nickel-alloy is present on the carrier in small metal particles with an average particle size of less than 14 nm.The invention also relates to the production of this catalyst and to its use for the reaction of carbon monoxide with hydrogen.

Abstract: A process for the production of hydrogen with simultaneous formation of carbon dioxide by reacting carbon monoxide with steam at elevated temperatures in the presence of a catalyst which essentially consists of a refractory oxidic carrier having a high specific surface area loaded with metallic copper of a purity of more than 90% by weight, a fraction of at least 1% by weight of said metallic copper calculated as % by weight of the total weight of the copper and carrier being present as particles of a size of less than 20 nm.

Abstract: A process for the production of a catalyst containing metallic copper, silver, gold, platinum or palladium in finely divided form as basic metal and at least one metal of Group VIII of the Periodic System of Elements as active component on an inert, refractory support, the catalyst containing the basis metal being heated to a temperature above 100.degree. C. and one or more carbonyls of metals different from the basis metal and belonging to Group VIII of the Periodic System of Elements being allowed to act on the heated catalyst so that those metals are alloyed into the basis metal. The invention also refers to catalysts obtained by such process.

Abstract: Reaction mass containing mixed oxides of iron with one or more metals of groups IV to VII of the periodic table of the elements, wherein the mixed oxides are deposited in finely divided form on an inert refractory substrate with a high specific surface area. The invention also relates to methods for the manufacture of this reaction mass as well as the use thereof as a catalyst for the shift reaction of carbon monoxide with steam, forming carbon dioxide and hydrogen at an elevated temperature, and/or the removal of sulphur compounds from gases.

Abstract: The burner system includes an apertured burner plate with low thermal conductivity which is adapted to be positioned in a closed combustion chamber. A mixing chamber below the combustion chamber has a gas inlet and an air inlet. A fan is operatively arranged in the mixing chamber. A detector provides an electric detection signal which varies with the composition of the burnt gas in the combustion chamber. The detection signal is applied to the input of an electronic control unit, which in response to the detection signal produces at least one output signal. Control means are responsive to the output signal for controlling the air-gas mix supplied to the mixing chamber.

Abstract: Process for the reaction of carbon monoxide with steam, with formation of carbon dioxide and hydrogen at elevated temperature in the presence of iron-containing catalysts (shift reaction), in which a catalyst is used, which contains finely divided iron oxide on an inert, thermostable carrier having a high specific surface.

Abstract: Process for removal of sulfur compounds from gases by passing the gases over an absorption mass which, on an inert support having a specific surface area of more than 10 m.sup.2 per g, contains metal oxides which react with hydrogen sulfide to give metal-sulfur compounds and at least 20% by weight of which metal oxides are present in finely divided form with a particle size of less than 40 nm. The gases are passed at a temperature of 5.degree. to 800.degree. C. over the support loaded with metal oxide, and the resultant support loaded with metal-sulfur compounds is regenerated by passing gases containing oxidizing agents over it.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of an iron(III) oxide catalyst or absorbent, in which the iron is precipitated from an iron salt solution by means of hydroxyl ions in the presence of a carrier, the charged carrier is dried and optionally calcined and optionally reduced, a solution of an iron(III) salt being introduced with vigorous stirring below the surface of the suspension of the carrier, the pH of the suspension is maintained between 4 and 7 and the charged carrier is separated from the solution.