Abstract: In addition to acting as effective plasticizers, certain acid, carboxylate and hydroxyl-functional liquid polyesters that are liquid at 25° C. can be used as at least partial replacements for the more volatile organic compounds conventionally used as coalescents and/or property enhancers in aqueous film-forming compositions. The resultant compositions exhibit reduced VOC values relative to prior art compositions exhibiting comparable levels of application and coating properties.

Abstract: Novel solid benzoate ester compositions are mixtures comprising the trans- and cis-structural isomers of 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol dibenzoate wherein the trans isomer constitutes from 1 to 66 or from 72 to 99 weight percent of the mixture. The properties imparted to a variety of polymer compositions, including hot melt adhesives, cannot be achieved using the commercially available mixture of these isomers.

Abstract: Novel ester compositions are prepared by reacting 1) at least one diol, glycol or oligomeric glycol with 2) a mixture of at least one aromatic monocarboxylic acid and at least one aliphatic monocarboxylic acid containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms. The compositions are effective plasticizers for a variety of polymers, particularly those employed in water-borne adhesives. The freezing point of the present ester mixtures and their efficacy as plasticizers and other types of additives and/or modifiers for a variety of polymer compositions can be varied by adjusting the relative concentrations of the aromatic and aliphatic acids used to prepare the ester composition.

Abstract: Ester compositions based on blends of the mono- and dibenzoates of 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol and containing a minimum of 87 weight percent of the dibenzoate are novel and exhibit viscosities that are unexpectedly high relative to the benzoates of other mono- and polyfunctional alcohols. These viscosities are not exhibited at lower concentrations of the dibenzoate.

Abstract: In addition to acting as effective plasticizers, dibenzoates of diethylene and dipropylene glycols in combination with at least one of the corresponding monoesters within a specified concentration range are unique in their ability to extend the open time exhibited by aqueous polymer compositions, and are thereby capable of replacing at least a portion of more volatile organic compounds (VOC.'s) such as diols, glycols and esters of mono-and dihydric alcohols and benzoates of monohydric alcohols that are typically used as coalescents for these polymer compositions.

Abstract: Foamable compositions based on rigid organic polymers such as polyvinyl chloride contain as the plasticizer a blend of a) a liquid oligomeric ester of phthalic acid, at least one aliphatic dicarboxylic acid or a mixture thereof; and b) a total of at least 15 weight percent, based on total plasticizer, of at least one ester of benzoic acid and/or an alkyl-substituted benzoic acid.

Abstract: Monoesters derived from a dihydric alcohol and a carboxylic acid such as benzoic acid are secondary plasticizers for non-aqueous and solventless plastisols containing primary plasticizers that do not contain unreacted alkanol groups.

Abstract: The addition of at least 20 weight percent of at least one member of a specified class of monobenzoates to at least one member of a specified class of dibenzoates that freeze at 28° C. or above results in a mixture that is both a liquid at this temperature and an unexpectedly effective plasticizer for many organic polymers. The plasticized polymer compositions are useful in various end use applications including adhesives and caulks.

Abstract: Monoesters derived from a dihydric alcohol and a carboxylic acid such as benzoic acid are secondary plasticizers for non-aqueous and solventless plastisols containing primary plasticizers that do not contain unreacted alkanol groups.

Abstract: A portion of the repeating units in polyesters useful as plasticizers for rigid organic polymers are derived from diethylene glycol and at least one dicarboxylic acid. The percentage of these repeating units that can be present in polyesters that are compatible with the organic polymer into which they are incorporated is inversely proportional to the weight average molecular weight of the polyester.

Abstract: Compositions comprising at least one acrylic, vinyl acetate or epoxide polymer or copolymer as a film-forming ingredient and an ester of benzoic acid wherein the alcohol portion of the ester is alkyl and contains eight carbon atoms exhibit unexpected improvements in film-forming and applied film properties. In preferred compositions this alcohol portion is 2-ethylhexyl. Additionally, the preferred benzoic acid ester frequently interacts synergistically with benzoic acid esters derived from oligomeric ethylene glycols.

Abstract: The addition of at least about 30 weight percent of diethylene glycol (DEG) monobenzoate or dipropylene glycol (DPG) monobenzoate to diethylene glycol (DEG) dibenzoate, which is a solid at 28° C., results in a mixture that is unexpectedly a liquid at this temperature. The resultant mixtures are effective plasticizers for aqueous polymer compositions, including adhesives and caulks.

Abstract: A portion of the repeating units in polyesters useful as plasticizers for rigid organic polymers are derived from diethylene glycol and at least one dicarboxylic acid. The percentage of these repeating units that can be present in polyesters that are compatible with the organic polymer into which they are incorporated is inversely proportional to the weight average molecular weight of the polyester.

Abstract: The present invention provides a continuous series of at least 3 esterification reactions, each of which yields highly pure esters derived from benzoic and at least one alcohol selected from monohydric alcohols containing from 6 to 12 carbon atoms and dihydric alcohols containing from 2 to 8 carbon atoms. At least a portion of the esterification catalyst and high boiling impurities remaining following distillation of the desired ester are used in the reaction mixture for the next reaction of the series.

Abstract: The present invention relates to organic polymer compositions, containing liquid ester compositions as plastisizers, said compositions comprising mixtures of esters derived from (a) diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol and (b) benzoic or toluic acid, wherein the freezing point of the ester mixture is below the freezing points of the constituent esters when the relative concentrations of the constituent esters are within specified limits.

Abstract: Disclosed are polymeric plasticizers of the formula (1)R.sup.a --C(O)--(O--G--OC(O)--(CH.sub.2).sub.4-12 --C(O)).sub.1-12 --O--G--O--C(O)--R.sup.b (1)wherein R.sup.a and R.sup.b are each C.sub.2 -C.sub.22 straight saturated alkyl groups, and wherein each G group is 1,2-propanediyl or 2-methylpropane-1,3-diyl such that both types of G groups are present in a ratio to each other of 3:1 to 1:3.

Abstract: The present invention relates to liquid compositions comprising mixtures of esters derived from a) diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol and b) benzoic or toluic acid. The freezing point of the ester mixture is below the freezing points of the constituent esters when the relative concentrations of the constituent esters are within specified limits. The invention also relates oils and lubricants containing the present liquid ester compositions as plasticizing additives.

Abstract: The present invention comprises dipropylene glycol dibenzoate and diethylene glycol dibenzoate, the improvement comprising the addition of dipropylene glycol monobenzoate or diethylene glycol monobenzoate, whereby the plasticizer is resistant to fungal growth.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the production of aryl ketones. Specifically the invention relates to the production of aryl ketones by reaction of aromatic hydrocarbon compounds and benzoyl chloride in the presence of iron (III) chloride. In particular, the invention relates to reaction under conditions of elevated temperature and pressure. Preferred embodiments of the invention specifically relate to the synthesis of benzophenone, methylbenzophenone and dimethylbenzophenone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the production of aryl ketones. Specifically the invention relates to the production of aryl ketones by reaction of aromatic hydrocarbon compounds and aromatic or aliphatic acyl halides in the presence of anhydrous iron (III) chloride. In particular, the invention relates to reaction under conditions of elevated temperature and pressure. Preferred embodiments of the invention specifically relate to the synthesis of benzophenone, methylbenzophenone and dimethylbenzophenone.