Abstract: A method of using an electrochemical cell includes sparging a gas including oxygen into an anolyte using an anolyte oxygen sparger, wherein the anolyte is circulated to contact an anode of an electrochemical cell including the anode, a cathode, and a membrane between the anode and the cathode.

Abstract: An electrolyzer system comprises a stack of one or more electrolyzer cells, each electrolyzer cell comprising first and second half cells respectively comprising first and second electrodes and a separator between the first half cell and the second half cell, wherein a current is applied between the first and second electrodes. The system further comprises first and second electrolyte feed streams for respectively feeding a first electrolyte solution at a first inlet temperature to the first half cells and a second electrolyte solution at a second inlet temperature to the second half cells, first and second electrolyte outlet streams for respectively withdrawing the first and second electrolyte solutions from the first half cells and second half cells, and a temperature control apparatus to control the first inlet temperature at a first specified temperature and to control the second inlet temperature at a second specified temperature.

Abstract: Provided herein are anode and/or cathode pan assemblies comprising unique manifold, outlet tube, and/or baffle plate configurations; electrochemical cell and/or electrolyzer containing the anode and/or the cathode pan assemblies; and methods to use and manufacture the same.

Abstract: Provided herein are electrochemical cell and/or electrolyzer configurations with membrane-electrode gap and optionally one or more spacers; and methods to use and manufacture the same.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and systems that relate to oxidizing a metal ion of a metal oxyanion or a non-metal ion of a non-metal oxyanion from a lower oxidation state to a higher oxidation state at an anode and generate hydrogen gas at the cathode. The metal oxyanion with the metal ion in the higher oxidation state or the non-metal oxyanion with the non-metal ion in the higher oxidation state may be then subjected to a thermal reaction or a second electrochemical reaction, to form oxygen gas as well as to regenerate the metal oxyanion with the metal ion in the lower oxidation state or the non-metal oxyanion with the non-metal ion in the lower oxidation state, respectively.

Abstract: Provided herein are anode and/or cathode pan assemblies comprising unique manifold, outlet tube, and/or baffle plate configurations; electrochemical cell and/or electrolyzer containing the anode and/or the cathode pan assemblies; and methods to use and manufacture the same.

Abstract: Provided herein are electrochemical cell and/or electrolyzer configurations with membrane-electrode gap and optionally one or more spacers; and methods to use and manufacture the same.

Abstract: Provided herein, are anode and/or cathode pan assemblies comprising unique ribs and welds configurations; electrochemical cell and/or electrolyzer containing the anode and/or the cathode pan assemblies; and methods to use and manufacture the same.