Abstract: The method of manufacturing nonmagnetic drilling string components, especially heavy duty drill-stems for exploratory bores, e.g. for deposits of crude oil and/or natural gas deposits, such as directional bores or the like, includes the step of melting and allowing to solidify an alloy consisting essentially of, each in percent by weight:carbon in a maximum of 0.15, preferably 0.08;silicon in a maximum of 1.0;manganese 11.0 to 25.0, preferably 12.0 to 20.0;chromium 10.0 to 20.0, preferably 11.0 to 16.0;molybdenum 0.1 to 1.0, preferably 0.2 to 0.8;nickel 0.1 to 6.0, preferably 1.0 to 3.0;nitrogen 0.05 to 0.5, preferably 0.1 to 0.35; andthe remainder being iron and impurities resulting from manufacturing conditions. The alloy is subjected to an at least two-stage, especially a four- to six-stage hot-working process and, if desired, cooled down and then solution heat-treated at about 1,020.degree. C. to about 1,070.degree. C.

Abstract: A work-hardenable austenitic manganese steel has a base composition (each in percent by weight) of 0.7 to 1.7 carbon, 5.0 to 18.0 manganese, 0 to 3.0 chromium, 0 to 4.0 nickel, 0 to 2.5 molybdenum, 0.1 to 0.9 silicon, up to 0.1 phosphorus and contains micro-alloying elements of 0.0 to 0.20 titanium, 0.0 to 0.05 zirconium and 0.0 to 0.05 vanadium; the remainder being iron and impurities arising from the melting process. The ratio of carbon to manganese is in the range of 1:4 to 1:14 and the total amount of micro-alloying elements is limited to a range of 0.002 to 0.25 percent by weight. The melt of the base composition is tapped at 1,450.degree. C. to 1,600.degree. C. into a casting ladle in which the micro-alloying elements are added. An ingot is cast, cooled, reheated to austenitization temperatures and quenched.

Abstract: A method of fabricating conveyor or feed worms, especially those used in plastic processing machines, containing a tough steel core and a high wear resistant plating. Initially, there is fabricated a compound metal blank by forging or hot rolling a substantially rod-shaped steel core provided with a snugly bearing sleeve or sheath formed of the plating material while forming a metallic bond between the core and the sleeve and while reducing the sleeve diameter by at least 20%. After soft annealing the blank there is formed therefrom the worm profile, and then there is accomplished a thermal treatment which entails hardening and tempering in order to set the hardness of the plating material as well as the core material, and finally there is accomplished the finished machining to the final dimensions.

Abstract: An electroslag remelting furnace includes a liquid-cooled, open-ended mold supported by a bottom plate of high electric conductivity, for instance, formed of copper, which closes the mold at one of its ends. The mold has a plane of symmetry which contains a mold axis. At least one conductor connects at least one terminal located at the bottom plate to a source of electric current. Furthermore, the mold has a normal plane extending normally with respect to the symmetry plane which contains the mold axis. The electric conductor extends from a marginal zone on one side of the bottom plate to the terminal on the other side of the bottom plate beyond the normal plane.

Abstract: A method of recovering or extracting chemicals, such as furfural, formic acid, acetic acid and other organic compounds from acidic hydrolysates of plants or vegetable matter, especially spent sulfite liquors after conversion of the pentosans into pentoses and then into furfural by heating the hydrolysate in an acidic environment. The conversion of the pentosans pentoses into furfural, preferably with acidulation, is accomplished in a counterflow or countercurrent flow heat exchanger and a reactor, preferably a tubular reactor. The hydrolysate which has additionally been heated and converted in the reactor is used as a heating medium or heat carrier for heating up the hydrolysate which is converted in the counterflow heat exchanger, whereupon there is recovered as the distillate furfural in conjunction with the formic acid, acetic acid and the like.

Abstract: Consumable electrodes are transferred to and from an operative position in an underlying melting bath by means of a pair of lifts that are vertically movable on masts located on opposite sides of the mold axis. One of the lifts has a fixed portion extending transversely through the axis and toward the other lift, and has a recess aligned with the mold axis and with the path of oscillation of an electrode-transferring arm carried by the other lift. When an electrode is transferred into the recess, a collar on the electrode is clamped to the upper surface of the fixed portion, whereupon the first lift is moved downwardly to position the inserted electrode into the mold. Consumed electrodes are removed by raising the first lift, and engaging a lifting collar on the upper end of the residual portion of the electrode by an arm that is carried for vertical movement and oscillation by the first lift.