Abstract: An apparatus is provided for detecting a shopping cart used to bring items to a checkout location, and inspecting its bottom tray for the presence of items. The apparatus includes a cart-detector to detect the presence of the cart at a pre-determined location; and an item-detector to detect the presence of items placed on the lower tray of the cart. The cart detector includes an arrangement of three optical sensors and corresponding retro-reflective targets; and finite state-machine processing logic to discriminate a specific sequence of sensor responses.