Abstract: The reliability of a gas pressure regulator is ensured through the use of the disclosed integrated crimp bias apparatus and method for biasing and crimping components of a diaphragm subassembly for the regulator. Omission of crimping of the components after biasing during forming of the diaphragm subassembly for the regulator is avoided by automatically locking at least one of the components of the subassembly in the apparatus before biasing and automatically releasing the locking only after crimping of the biased components. A pincerlike crimper of the apparatus includes a pair of pincers working on a pivot, each pincer having a handle to which a force can be applied and a grasping jaw for exerting a crimping pressure on the components. Grasping jaws each have two crimping elements which oppose respective ones of the crimping elements on the opposing grasping jaw during crimping. A fixture holds the components to be biased and crimp connected.

Abstract: The reliability of a gas pressure regulator is ensured through the use of the disclosed integrated crimp bias apparatus and method for biasing and crimping components of a diaphragm subassembly for the regulator. Omission of crimping of the components after biasing during forming of the diaphragm subassembly for the regulator is avoided by automatically locking at least one of the components of the subassembly in the apparatus before biasing and automatically releasing the locking only after crimping of the biased components. A pincerlike crimper of the apparatus includes a pair of pincers working on a pivot, each pincer having a handle to which a force can be applied and a grasping jaw for exerting a crimping pressure on the components. Grasping jaws each have two crimping elements which oppose respective ones of the crimping elements on the opposing grasping jaw during crimping. A fixture holds the components to be biased and crimp connected.

Abstract: A high Cv bulk process valve, control system and method convey a process gas or liquid for manufacturing semiconductors through a fluid passage. The fluid passage contains an aerodynamically shaped expansion chamber within which a valve seat and a moveable poppet are arranged for opening and closing the fluid passage. The aerodynamically shaped expansion chamber includes a conically expanding entry and a conically contracting exit and is shaped such that the resistance to flow of the process gas or liquid through the fluid passage of the valve is very nearly the same as through a straight tubing having a cross-sectional area of an inlet to the valve and a length of the fluid passage through the valve. The valve can be added or subtracted from a gas or liquid control system with virtually no changes in pressure drop of flow restriction, when the valve is in the open position. The valve minimizes the energy consumed by valves in semiconductor gas systems.

Abstract: An improved continuously variable micro control valve and an apparatus and a method employing the same for making semiconductors enable a computer to precisely set a driver of the micro control valve such that the accuracy of the control valve in reproducing a flow value for a given setting of the driver is at least 1/1000 of a maximum flow value for a relatively wide range of flow values which can be provided by the micro control valve. The relatively wide range of flow values is at least 1000 to 1 in a disclosed embodiment with a resolution sensitivity of the micro control valve being at least 1/10,000 of the full scale of the relatively wide range of flow values. The improvement in repeatability and accuracy afforded by the micro control valve can result in higher yields in semiconductor making.

Abstract: A pneumatically servoed gas pressure regulator capable of providing a relatively wide range of gas flow rates with precision outlet pressure control includes a dome loaded gas pressure regulator and a pressure sensor controller integrated in a single unit. The controller senses the regulator outlet gas pressure, compares it to a pressure setting of the controller, and operates a pneumatic servo valve of the controller for generating a control signal dome gas pressure for the dome loaded gas pressure regulator as a function of the deviation between the sensed outlet pressure and the pressure setting of the controller, independently of the gas through flow rate. A relatively large change in the size of the valved passage in the regulator is made with only a relatively small deviation of less than or equal to a few psi between the sensed outlet pressure and the pressure setting of the controller. The relatively large change in the size of the passage in the regulator effectively uses the entire flow capacity C.

Abstract: An apparatus free of polymer material in contact with process gas for delivering process gas for making semiconductors includes a pressure regulator for regulating the pressure of the process gas to be delivered by the apparatus from a supply of pressurized process gas. The pressure regulator has a first valve seat and a first valve which cooperates with the first valve seat for controlling the flow of process gas through the regulator. Both the first valve seat and the first valve are formed of metal. The apparatus further includes a second valve having metal-to-metal dynamic seating for controlling the flow of the gas from the supply to the regulator. The second valve is provided immediately upstream of the pressure regulator along a flow path for the gas through the apparatus. A relatively high creep of the pressure regulator is significantly reduced by operating the regulator in conjunction with the pneumatically operated (on/off) second valve.

Abstract: A fluid pressure regulator and a method of regulating involve configuring a valve and valve seat of the regulator such that as the valve is moved relative to the valve seat from a closed or nearly closed position of a throttled fluid passage in the regulator to a full flow position, the throttled fluid passage is opened at a rate in relation to the movement of the valve relative to the valve seat which increases during travel of the valve. In one disclosed form of the fluid pressure regulator, a first portion of the outer surface of the valve which contacts the valve seat when the valve closes the throttled fluid passage is tapered with respect to a direction of movement of the valve relative to the valve seat.

Abstract: A gas pressure regulator and a diaphragm assembly therefor and a method of assembling the regulator utilizing the diaphragm assembly which enable the precise alignment of a diaphragm and a valve carried thereby with respect to a valve seat for improved regulator performance with predictable relatively low hysteresis and creep, and improved reproducibility in a regulator of relatively small size.

Abstract: A fluid pressure regulator and method of regulating high pressure fluid from a container such as high pressure gas cylinder, compensate for variation in the supply pressure to the regulator to limit variation in the outlet pressure of the regulator due to supply pressure variations. A flexible valve seat of the regulator is mounted in the regulator so that the seat can flex in response to changes in the supply pressure to change the operating point of the valve seat concurrently with changes in the balance of forces on a diaphragm of the regulator caused by changes in the supply pressure to the regulator. Advantageously, the regulator and method eliminate the need for using two stage regulators for minimizing outlet pressure variations due to the supply pressure effect.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cleaning surfaces to absolute or near-absolute cleanliness involves spraying jets of heated cleaning solution so that it flows over and scrubs the surfaces to be cleaned. The cleaning solution is continuously recirculated and filtered during cleaning to remove over 99% of all particles having a diameter equal to or greater than 0.02.mu.. The cleaned surface is rinsed with heated, filtered deionized water and dried to provide a surface having absolute or nearly-absolute cleanliness to the limit of the best commercial instrumentation, e.g., .ltoreq. five particles with a diameter of .gtoreq.0.02.mu. per cubic foot of gas flowed over a cleaned surface as detected by a laser particle counter. The method is useful for cleaning gas valves and regulators and components thereof as well as existing gas flow equipment, for example, for use in semiconductor processing equipment. The cleaned surfaces are sterile and therefore also useful in the health and pharmaceutical industries.

Abstract: A cylinder valve for mounting on a high pressure gas cylinder for remotely controlling the flow of gas from the cylinder. The cylinder valve is resistant to hazardous gases and includes a fluid passage for conveying gas through the cylinder valve from an inlet for communicating with the high pressure gas cylinder to an outlet. A first valve is provided for opening and closing the fluid passage to control the flow of gas through the fluid passage. A pneumatically operated actuator is provided for operating the first valve in response to the application of an external control pressure to the actuator. A mechanism is provided to move the first valve and close the fluid passage in the event of loss of external control pressure to the actuator. A second valve is located downstream of the first valve in the vicinity of the outlet. The second valve is biased to close the fluid passage but is moved to open the passage in response to attachment of a connector to the outlet of the cylinder valve.

Abstract: A flow limit shutoff valve for automatically shutting off all flow between a source of high-pressure gas and a pressure regulator when that flow exceeds a preset flow rate. The flow to the shutoff valve is metered, resulting in lowering the pressure downstream from a metering valve. A main valve has a first chamber on one side downstream from the metering valve, and the valve's outlet is connected to this first chamber. A second chamber on the opposite side is connected to the inlet pressure. The main valve is biased in the opposite direction from that urged by the inlet pressure, so as normally to keep it open, but the main valve snaps shut when the inlet pressure forces overcome the sum of the downstream gas pressure forces and the biasing forces. To enable reopening, a bypass system connects the upstream side of metering valve to the first chamber, while there is a manually operated closure for manually opening and closing off the bypass to the first chamber.

Abstract: In a pressure-reducing regulator valve for high-pressure gases, the diaphragm is linked to the movable valve member controlling the flow of gas between the high-pressure inlet and the regulated outlet. The linkage is done through a lost-motion connection so that the diaphragm can be set to deflect by a nominal amount from its relaxed position at the time that it starts to open the valve seat assembly and can be slightly deflected from its relaxed position to pull the valve against the seat of the valve seat assembly. Sealing prevents leakage through the diaphragm assembly.

Abstract: Apparatus for controlling the flow ratio of two gases, such as carbon dioxide and air or oxygen, where the principal gas is subject to flow fluctuations and the second gas is added to it at a ratio which is to be kept constant despite the variations in flow of the first gas. From the upstream side of a fixed orifice in a main conduit, the first gas is conducted to a sealed chamber on one side of a very flexible diaphragm. The second gas is conducted to the other side of the diaphragm which serves, in conjunction with a valve controlled by the diaphragm, to equate the pressure of the second gas exactly to that of the first gas. An outlet from the pressure regulator leads to the inlet of a flow control valve, and the outlet of the flow control valve leads back to the main conduit to a point downstream from the fixed orifice.