Abstract: A cast rod is swung from side to side to generate movement at the solidifying end of the rod. The drawing rolls operate simultaneously with steady (adjustable) speed. The swinging of the rod is generated between the upper end of the die cooler and the drawing rolls with e.g. a runner which is connected to an eccentric disk rotated by an electric motor. The amplitude and the frequency of the swinging and the speed of the drawing rolls can be varied and thus be used to achieve different movement forms in casting.

Abstract: A combination-use nozzle for continuous casting vertically upwards with or without vacuum, has a solidification pipe in a cooler in a fireproof thermal shield. To provide a simple and durable structure, the solidification pipe is short, with thin walls and manufactured of a known nozzle material. The melt is led into the solidification pipe by a conduit pipe manufactured of a fireproof material and having a wider inside cavity then the solidification pipe. An annular space between the solidification and conduit pipes at the thermal shield of the cooler has powder insulation. When only the lower end of the conduit pipe is immersed in a melt, the melt can be lifted into the solidification pipe by vacuum pressure in the solidification pipe, or when the conduit pipe is immersed in the melt up to the cooler, the melt can rise into the solidification pipe of itself.