Abstract: A compressively-encoding-resultant video signal resulting from compressively encoding a video signal, a first compressively-encoding-resultant audio signal resulting from compressively encoding a first audio signal having a synchronized relation with the video signal, a reference clock information signal relating to synchronization between the compressively-encoding-resultant video signal and the first compressively-encoding-resultant audio signal, and an indication timing information signal designating an indication timing of the video signal are multiplexed to get an AV multiplexing-resultant signal. A second audio signal is compressively encoded to get a second compressively-encoding-resultant audio signal. A sound-production-timing information signal is added to the second compressively-encoding-resultant audio signal to get a substitution playback audio signal.

Abstract: An aspheric mirror has an aspheric reflective surface symmetrical with respect to an optical axis that goes through the reflective surface and a reference plane provided in the reflective surface. The optical axis may go through the reflective surface at a non-center position on the reflective surface. The reference plane may be perpendicular to the optical axis. The reference plane may be flat enough for a beam to be reflected from the reference plane in almost specular reflection when emitted to the reference plane.

Abstract: A headphone set has a housing to contain a speaker unit, with a sound emitting surface through which sounds given off by the speaker unit are emitted out, and an ear pad attached to the housing to surround the sound emitting surface. The ear pad has a protruding member and an arc-like member sticking out in opposite directions. The degree of sticking out for the arc-like member is smaller than the degree of sticking out for the protruding member. The protruding member has an inner space interposed between a top section and an opposing bottom section closer than the top section to the sound emitting section. The arc-like member has a top section and an opposing bottom section closer than the top section to the sound emitting surface. The top section of the protruding member is positioned farther than that of the arc-like member from the sound emitting surface.

Abstract: An apparatus includes sound sensors for converting sounds into electric signals. An angular position of a sound source of a first sound wave as seen from the apparatus is determined on the basis of moments of arrival of the first sound wave at the respective sound sensors which are represented by the electric signals. An angular position of a sound source of a second sound wave as seen from the apparatus is determined on the basis of moments of arrival of the second sound wave at the respective sound sensors which are represented by the electric signals. Calculation is given of a relative angle between the determined angular position of the sound source of the first sound wave and the determined angular position of the sound source of the second sound wave. A condition of the apparatus is controlled in response to the calculated relative angle.

Abstract: An apparatus for recording and reproducing an information signal on and from an optical disc includes a memory. The information signal is written into the memory. The information signal is read out from the memory. An optical head generates a laser beam in response to the readout information signal, and applies the laser beam to the optical disc to record the readout information signal on the optical disc. A test signal is recorded on a position of the optical disc near a recording position thereof via the optical head during the writing of the information signal into the memory. The test signal is reproduced from the optical disc. The reproduced test signal is evaluated to generate an evaluation result. An intensity of the laser beam is optimized in response to the evaluation result.

Abstract: A headphone set has at least one speaker unit and a housing that encloses the speaker unit. The housing has an elastic protruding portion having a cavity therein. A sound-emitting portion is formed as protruding from a vibrating zone of the speaker unit.

Abstract: A projection display apparatus has a beam controller provided on the optical axis of an optically-modulated linearly-polarized beam, to allow the beam to travel therethrough to reach a screen or cut off the beam, under control by a control signal. The controller, has driving zones on which the beam is incident. The zones are provided in a direction corresponding to a vertical scanning direction of pixels of a liquid crystal display device installed in the display apparatus, for optically modulating a linearly polarized beam. The controller is driven per driving zone in a specific zone order at a timing of vertical scanning of the pixels under control by the control signal generated based on a vertical synchronization signal detected from the input signal. The optically modulated beam is allowed to travel through the controller or cut off when incident on the zones at the timing of the vertical scanning.

Abstract: Activities of a video signal are obtained for subblocks of each macroblock of each picture. The smallest activity is detected as an input-picture activity per macroblock. Obtained are activities of a motion-compensated predictive signal per first picture and activites of the video signal per second picture, for the subblocks of each macroblock. A mean value of the activities is obtained per macroblock for each picture, as an error activity per macroblock. A mean error activity is obtained for error activities per picture. A quantization step size for quantization of the video signal is adjusted per macroblock, according to the input-picture activity, to obtain a smaller step size when the error activity is equal to or larger than the mean error activity than when the former is smaller than the latter.

Abstract: A video signal is encoded at a plurality of coding layers exhibiting different spatial resolutions. An input video signal is spatially scaled down into a resolution-lowered video signal that exhibits a resolution lower than the video signal. The resolution-lowered video signal is encoded with a decoding procedure to obtain first coded data and a decoded signal. The decoded signal is spatially scaled up through a high-resolution procedure with reference to the input video signal so that the decoded signal has a smaller error with respect to the input video signal, to obtain a high-resolution scaled-up video signal. The input video signal is encoded through inter-spatial resolution prediction using the high-resolution scaled-up video signal as a predictive signal, to obtain second coded data that exhibits a resolution higher than the resolution-lowered video signal.

Abstract: A multi-view video signal is encoded. The multi-view video signal includes picture signals corresponding to different viewpoints respectively. One among the viewpoints is designated as a base viewpoint. The base viewpoint corresponds to a picture signal which is encoded without referring to at least one picture signal corresponding to one of the viewpoints except the base viewpoint. There is determined a desired delay time of the start of decoding a coded signal originating from each of the picture signals corresponding to the viewpoints except the base viewpoint relative to the start of decoding a coded signal originating from the picture signal corresponding to the base viewpoint. Information representing the determined delay time is generated. Then, the generated information is encoded.

Abstract: Pixel signals output from an imaging device having pixels arranged in horizontal and vertical directions are compensated if there are pixel defects. Extracted from the pixel signals are: a first signal from a target pixel; second signals from second pixels having the same color as the target pixel; and third signals from third pixels having a different color from the target pixel, the second and third pixels being located as close to the target pixel on both sides thereof in each direction. Extracted from the second signals are a highest-level signal having the highest luminance level and a second-level signal having the second luminance level. An average luminance level of the second signals is calculated. It is determined whether a particular pixel among the second pixels and causing generation of the highest-level signal is defective by using the highest and average levels. The highest-level signal is selected when the particular pixel is not defective, otherwise, the second-level signal.

Abstract: An optical pickup includes an actuator having an objective lens and an optical base on which the actuator is supported. The actuator includes a yoke having an opening, a first straight section and an opposing second straight section, the opening being interposed between the straight sections, the first and second straight sections having a first and a second bent section, respectively, as an extension of each bent section. The yoke is formed as coving the actuator with the straight sections so that the objective lens is exposed through the opening without being obstructed by the optical base. The first bent section has one contact section whereas the second bent section has two contact sections. The optical base includes an ark-like support section. The optical base supports the actuator in such a way that the contact sections are made to have contact with the ark-like support section.

Abstract: A disc-shaped information recording medium includes a laminate of recording layers on and from which an information signal can be optically recorded and reproduced from one side of the medium. Data areas are provided in the recording layers, respectively. The information signal can be recorded on and reproduced from the data areas while a laser beam emitted from an optical pickup is applied to the data areas. Optical recording test areas are provided in the recording layers, respectively. A test signal can be recorded on and reproduced from the optical recording test areas to decide optimum power values of the laser beam for signal recording. The test areas are out of overlap as viewed in a direction of propagation of the laser beam.

Abstract: An apparatus for recording and reproducing an information signal on and from an optical disc includes a memory. The information signal is written into the memory. The information signal is read out from the memory. An optical head generates a laser beam in response to the readout information signal, and applies the laser beam to the optical disc to record the readout information signal on the optical disc. A test signal is recorded on a position of the optical disc near a recording position thereof via the optical head during the writing of the information signal into the memory. The test signal is reproduced from the optical disc. The reproduced test signal is evaluated to generate an evaluation result. An intensity of the laser beam is optimized in response to the evaluation result.

Abstract: A compressively-encoding-resultant video signal resulting from compressively encoding a video signal, a first compressively-encoding-resultant audio signal resulting from compressively encoding a first audio signal having a synchronized relation with the video signal, a reference clock information signal relating to synchronization between the compressively-encoding-resultant video signal and the first compressively-encoding-resultant audio signal, and an indication timing information signal designating an indication timing of the video signal are multiplexed to get an AV multiplexing-resultant signal. A second audio signal is compressively encoded to get a second compressively-encoding-resultant audio signal. A sound-production-timing information signal is added to the second compressively-encoding-resultant audio signal to get a substitution playback audio signal.

Abstract: In a headphone set, a speaker is enclosed in a housing. A cord is connected to the speaker at one end and running to the outside of the housing at another end through a pulling-out portion of the housing. The cord is inserted into a bushing at the pulling-out portion. An outer-shape expansion portion is fixed to the cord and located between the speaker and the bushing. The outer-shape expansion portion expands the outer shape of the cord. A concavity is provided to the bushing at one end of the bushing closer to the speaker. At least a portion of the outer-shape expansion portion is put in the concavity.

Abstract: A residual picture is produced and encoded that is a residual picture that is a residual signal between a picture to be coded that is an input moving-picture video signal to be subjected to coding and a predictive picture produced from a reference picture that is a local decoded video signal for each of a plurality of rectangular zones, each composed of a specific number of pixels, into which a video area of the moving-picture video signal is divided. A boundary condition of each of a plurality of borders is obtained between the rectangular zones and another plurality of rectangular zones adjacent to the rectangular zones, and a border, of the reference picture, having a boundary condition that matches the boundary condition, is found by motion-vector search in the reference picture, and border motion-vector data is generated that is data on a motion vector from a border of the rectangular zone in the picture to be coded to the border of the reference picture thus found.

Abstract: A compressively-encoding-resultant video signal resulting from compressively encoding a video signal, a first compressively-encoding-resultant audio signal resulting from compressively encoding a first audio signal having a synchronized relation with the video signal, a reference clock information signal relating to synchronization between the compressively-encoding-resultant video signal and the first compressively-encoding-resultant audio signal, and an indication timing information signal designating an indication timing of the video signal are multiplexed to get an AV multiplexing-resultant signal. A second audio signal is compressively encoded to get a second compressively-encoding-resultant audio signal. A sound-production-timing information signal is added to the second compressively-encoding-resultant audio signal to get a substitution playback audio signal.

Abstract: An output control (OPC) information is recorded on the magnetic tape 1 in conjunction with an MPEG stream. The OPC information is composed of two bits and is extracted from a reproduced signal by the output control circuit 9 and controls the digital interface (D. I/F) 7 and the switch circuit 11. In case a first bit of the OPC information is “0”, the output control circuit 9 makes the D. I/F 7 enabled and permits the output of a digital signal. In a case of “1”, the output control circuit 9 prohibits to output the digital signal. Further, when the second bit of the OPC information is “0”, the output control circuit 9 turns the switch circuit 11 off, preventing the output of an analog component signal. In case its “1”, the output control circuit 9 permits the output of the analog component signal.

Abstract: An output control (OPC) information is recorded on the magnetic tape 1 in conjunction with an MPEG stream. The OPC information is composed of two bits and is extracted from a reproduced signal by the output control circuit 9 and controls the digital interface (D. I/F) 7 and the switch circuit 11. In case a first bit of the OPC information is “0”, the output control circuit 9 makes the D. I/F 7 enabled and permits the output of a digital signal. In a case of “1”, the output control circuit 9 prohibits to output the digital signal. Further, when the second bit of the OPC information is “0”, the output control circuit 9 turns the switch circuit 11 off, preventing the output of an analog component signal. In case its “1”, the output control circuit 9 permits the output of the analog component signal.