Abstract: An electronic receiver array for decoding data encoded into electromagnetic radiation (e.g., light) is described. The light is received at an ultra-small resonant structure. The resonant structure generates an electric field in response to the incident light and light received from a local oscillator. An electron beam passing near the resonant structure is altered on at least one characteristic as a result of the electric field. Data is encoded into the light by a characteristic that is seen in the electric field during resonance and therefore in the electron beam as it passes the electric field. Alterations in the electron beam are thus correlated to data values encoded into the light.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes a plurality of ultra-small resonant structures, each of said structures constructed and adapted to emit electromagnetic radiation (EMR) at a particular wavelength when a beam of charged particles is passed nearby. A combiner mechanism constructed and adapted to combine data from a data source with the EMR emitted by at least one of the ultra-small resonant structures.

Abstract: A method includes, for each desired wavelength of a plurality of desired output wavelengths, selecting a light-emitting resonant structure (LERS) that emits light at the desired wavelength when exposed to a beam of charged particles; and forming the periodically complex resonant structure from the selected light-emitting resonant structures.

Abstract: A device has a plurality of ultra-small resonant structures, each of said structures constructed and adapted to emit light at a particular wavelength when a beam of charged particles is passed nearby, wherein at least one of the light emitters emits light in a first range of wavelengths and wherein at least another of said light emitters emits light in a second range of wavelengths, distinct from said first range of wavelengths; and a controller mechanism constructed and adapted to selectively switch different ones of said light emitters on and off, whereby said device emits light in said first range of wavelengths or said second range of wavelengths. The wavelengths may be selected to emulate or provide warm light, cold light.

Abstract: A multi-frequency receiver for receiving plural frequencies of electromagnetic radiation (e.g., light) using a beam of charged particles shared between plural resonant structures. The direction of the beam of charged particles is selectively controlled by at least one deflector. The beam of charged particles passing near the resonant structure is altered on at least one characteristic as a result the presence of the electric field induced on the corresponding resonant structure. Alterations in the beam of charged particles are thus correlated to data values encoded by the electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: An optical transmitter produces electromagnetic radiation (e.g., light) of at least one frequency (e.g., at a particular color frequency) by utilizing a resonant structure that is excited by the presence a beam of charged particles (e.g., a beam of electrons) where the electromagnetic radiation is transmitted along a communications medium (e.g., a fiber optic cable). In at least one embodiment, the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation is higher than that of the microwave spectrum.

Abstract: In order to reduce the exposure of a detector surface 180 of a photo-multiplier 160 to stray charged particles, an off-axis structure is interposed between the resonant structure and the detector surface of the photo-multiplier. By providing the off-axis structure with at least one reflective surface, photons are reflected toward the detector surface of the photo-multiplier while at the same time absorbing stray charged particles. Stray particles may be absorbed by the reflective surface or by any other part of the off-axis structure. The off-axis structure may additionally be provided with an electrical bias and/or an absorbing coating for absorbing stray charged particles.

Abstract: A nano-resonating structure constructed and adapted to couple energy from a beam of charged particles into said nano-resonating structure and to transmit coupled energy outside the nano-resonating structure. A plurality of the nano-resonant substructures may be formed adjacent one another in a stacked array, and each may have various shapes, including segmented portions of shaped structures, circular, semi-circular, oval, square, rectangular, semi-rectangular, C-shaped, U-shaped and other shapes as well as designs having a segmented outer surface or area, and arranged in a vertically stacked array comprised of one or more ultra-small resonant structures. The vertically stacked arrays may be symmetric or asymmetric, tilted, and/or staggered.

Abstract: Test apparatus for examining the operation and functioning of ultra-small resonant structures, and specifically using an SEM as the testing device and its electron beam as an exciting source of charged particles to cause the ultra-small resonant structures to resonate and produce EMR.

Abstract: A device includes a waveguide layer formed on a substrate. An ultra-small resonant structure emits electromagnetic radiation (EMR) in the waveguide layer. One or more circuits are formed on the waveguide layer and each operatively connected thereto to receive the EMR emitted by the ultra-small resonant structure. The waveguide layer may be transparent at wavelengths corresponding to wavelengths of the EMR emitted by the ultra-small resonant structure. The EMR may be visible light and may encode a data signal such as a clock signal.

Abstract: We describe an ultra-small resonant structure that produces electromagnetic radiation (e.g., visible light) at selected frequencies that can also be used or formed in conjunction with passive optical structures. The resonant structure can be produced from any conducting material (e.g., metal such as silver or gold). The passive optical structures can be formed from glass, polymer, dielectrics, or any other material sufficiently transparent using conventional patterning, etching and deposition techniques. The passive optical structures can be formed directly on the ultra-small resonant structures, or alternatively on an intermediate structure, or the passive optical structures can be formed in combination with other passive optical structures.

Abstract: A device includes first and second chips, each chip containing at least one electronic circuit. The second chip has one or more receivers. A deflection mechanism operationally connected to an electronic circuit of the first chip directs a charged particle beam to different ones of the receivers, based, at least in part, on a data signal provided by the electronic circuit.

Abstract: An electronic receiver for decoding data encoded into electromagnetic radiation (e.g., light) is described. The light is received at an ultra-small resonant structure. The resonant structure generates an electric field in response to the incident light and light received from a local oscillator. An electron beam passing near the resonant structure is altered on at least one characteristic as a result of the electric field. Data is encoded into the light by a characteristic that is seen in the electric field during resonance and therefore in the electron beam as it passes the electric field. Alterations in the electron beam are thus correlated to data values encoded into the light.

Abstract: A device includes an integrated circuit (IC) and at least one ultra-small resonant structure and a detection mechanism are formed on said IC. At least the ultra-small resonant structure portion of the device is vacuum packaged. The ultra-small resonant structure includes a plasmon detector having a transmission line. The detector mechanism includes a generator mechanism constructed and adapted to generate a beam of charged particles along a path adjacent to the transmission line; and a detector microcircuit disposed along said path, at a location after said beam has gone past said line, wherein the generator mechanism and the detector microcircuit are disposed adjacent transmission line and wherein a beam of charged particles from the generator mechanism to the detector microcircuit electrically couples a plasmon wave traveling along the metal transmission line to the microcircuit. The detector mechanism may be electrically connected to the underlying IC.

Abstract: When using micro-resonant structures which are being excited and caused to resonate by use of a charged particle beam, whether as emitters or receivers, especially in a chip or circuit board environment, it is important to prevent the charged particle beam from coupling to or affecting other structures or layers in the chip or circuit board. Shielding can be provided along the path of the charged particle beam, on top of the substrate, to prevent such coupling.

Abstract: A device for coupling energy in a plasmon wave to an electron beam includes a metal transmission line having a pointed end; a generator mechanism constructed and adapted to generate a beam of charged particles; and a detector microcircuit disposed adjacent to the generator mechanism. The generator mechanism and the detector microcircuit are disposed adjacent the pointed end of the metal transmission line and wherein a beam of charged particles from the generator mechanism to the detector microcircuit electrically couples the plasmon wave traveling along the metal transmission line to the microcircuit.

Abstract: A sensor device includes a substrate having first and second regions of first and second conductivity types, respectively. A junction having a band-gap is formed between the first and second regions. A plasmon source generates plasmons having fields. At least a portion of the plasmon source is formed near the junction, and the fields reduce the band-gap to enable a current to flow through the device.

Abstract: In a laser system, a set of substantially coherent electromagnetic radiation is applied as an input to a Raman laser. The Raman laser may be fabricated on the same integrated circuit as the source of the substantially coherent electromagnetic radiation or may be fabricated on a different integrated circuit as the source of the substantially coherent electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: An electronic receiver array for decoding data encoded into electromagnetic radiation (e.g., light) is described. The light is received at an ultra-small resonant structure. The resonant structure generates an electric field in response to the incident light and light received from a local oscillator. An electron beam passing near the resonant structure is altered on at least one characteristic as a result of the electric field. Data is encoded into the light by a characteristic that is seen in the electric field during resonance and therefore in the electron beam as it passes the electric field. Alterations in the electron beam are thus correlated to data values encoded into the light.

Abstract: A focal plane array electromagnetic radiation detector includes an array of micro-electromagnetic resonant detector cells. Each micro-electromagnetic resonant detector cell may include an ultra-small resonant structure for receiving an electromagnetic wave and adapted to angularly modulate a charged particle beam in response to receiving an electromagnetic wave. Each micro-electromagnetic detector cell may include a detector portion that measures the angular modulation of the charged particle beam. The ultra-small resonant structure is designed to angularly modulate the charged particle beam according to a characteristic of the received electromagnetic wave.