Abstract: A camera system for use with retractors. The system includes a camera assembly configured for mounting on the proximal end of a retractor system, such as the proximal end of a blade such that the entirety of the camera assembly is disposed at the proximal end of the retractor system may be disposed such that the distal-most optical element overhangs the working channel established by the retractor, and includes a reflector and a rotatable mount for the reflector, camera assembly viewing axis may be altered without changing the position of the entire camera assembly.

Abstract: A camera system for use with retractors. The system includes a camera assembly configured for mounting on the proximal end of a retractor system, such as the proximal end of a blade such that the entirety of the camera assembly is disposed at the proximal end of the retractor system may be disposed such that the distal-most optical element overhangs the working channel established by the retractor, and includes a reflector and a rotatable mount for the reflector, camera assembly viewing axis may be altered without changing the position of the entire camera assembly.

Abstract: The devices and methods for visualization of a surgical workspace in the brain while using a surgical tool such an aspirator. A tool is fitted with a camera assembly, at a position at the proximal end of an insertion portion and distal tip of the tool. Illumination is provided through a light guide (a cylindrical light guide or bundle of optical fibers) which terminates proximal to the distal tip of the tool. The camera assembly is aimed to intersect the long axis of the tube near the distal tip. The camera is disposed on the proximal end of the tool such as it resides outside the body when the tool tip is disposed in the surgical workspace, while providing images of tissue in the workspace while a surgeon manipulates the tool within the surgical workspace.

Abstract: A camera system for use with retractors. The system includes a camera assembly configured for mounting on the proximal end of a retractor system. The camera assembly viewing axis may be translated between a first and second position to obtain a stereographic image pair, and a control system is operable to control the camera assembly and an associated display to present the stereographic image pair as a wigglegram which conveys 3D information to the user.

Abstract: A camera system for use with retractors. The system includes a camera assembly configured for mounting on the proximal end of a retractor system. The camera assembly viewing axis may be translated between a first and second position to obtain a stereographic image pair, and a control system is operable to control the camera assembly and an associated display to present the stereographic image pair as a wigglegram which conveys 3D information to the user.

Abstract: Systems and methods provide for identification and visualization of nerves proximate a surgical site within the brain during brain surgery. The system includes a nerve monitoring system that includes a tool suitable for insertion into the brain of a patient, response sensors suitable for mounting on the skin of the patient, a nerve monitoring control system. The system also includes a fluoroscopic imaging system used to obtain fluoroscopic images of the brain and the tool during the surgery. The nerve monitoring system is interoperable with the fluoroscopic imaging system to determine the location of the tool tip corresponding a signal from the response sensors, and present a screen element in a corresponding location in the fluoroscopic images.

Abstract: A retractor, distractor, and camera system with the camera system and/or distractor configured to provide releasable attachment of the camera system to the distractor, and also provide for rotation of the camera assembly relative to the distractor to allow for adjusting the aim of the camera viewing axis to obtain an image of the surgical workspace established by the retractor.

Abstract: A camera system for use with retractors. The system includes a camera assembly configured for mounting on the proximal end of a retractor system, such as the proximal end of a blade such that the entirety of the camera assembly is disposed at the proximal end of the retractor system may be disposed such that the distal-most optical element overhangs the working channel established by the retractor, and includes a reflector and a rotatable mount for the reflector, camera assembly viewing axis may be altered without changing the position of the entire camera assembly.

Abstract: A camera system for use with retractors. The system includes a camera assembly configured for mounting on the proximal end of a retractor system, such as the proximal end of a blade such that the entirety of the camera assembly is disposed at the proximal end of the retractor system may be disposed such that the distal-most optical element overhangs the working channel established by the retractor, and includes a reflector and a rotatable mount for the reflector, camera assembly viewing axis may be altered without changing the position of the entire camera assembly.

Abstract: A retractor, distractor, and camera system with the camera system and/or distractor configured to provide releasable attachment of the camera system to the distractor, and also provide for rotation of the camera assembly relative to the distractor to allow for adjusting the aim of the camera viewing axis to obtain an image of the surgical workspace established by the retractor.

Abstract: A camera system for use with retractors. The system includes a camera assembly configured for mounting on the proximal end of a retractor system, such as the proximal end of a blade such that the entirety of the camera assembly is disposed at the proximal end of the retractor system may be disposed such that the distal-most optical element overhangs the working channel established by the retractor, and includes a reflector and a rotatable mount for the reflector, camera assembly viewing axis may be altered without changing the position of the entire camera assembly.

Abstract: A retractor, distractor, and camera system with the camera system and/or distractor configured to provide releasable attachment of the camera system to the distractor, and also provide for rotation of the camera assembly relative to the distractor to allow for adjusting the aim of the camera viewing axis to obtain an image of the surgical workspace established by the retractor.

Abstract: A retractor, distractor, and camera system with the camera system and/or distractor configured to provide releasable attachment of the camera system to the distractor, and also provide for rotation of the camera assembly relative to the distractor to allow for adjusting the aim of the camera viewing axis to obtain an image of the surgical workspace established by the retractor.

Abstract: A peripheral video conferencing system is housed in a peripheral housing and adapted for communication with an analog or digital communication channel and a separate host computer system. Audio, video, and data file information is transmitted to and received from a remote conferencing site over the communication channel. A plurality of audio, video, and communication channel connectors provide means for acquiring source audio and video signals, and respectively displaying on a separate monitor and broadcasting over an internal or separate external speaker remote video images and audio. A high-speed output interface provides connectivity with the separate host computer system for coordinating, in cooperation with video conferencing application software operating thereon, the presentation of local and remote NTSC or PAL video images on a display coupled to the computer system.