Abstract: A method of manufacturing X-ray lenses which transmit X-rays which has a first step of providing a layer of liquid on the flat surface of a first substrate, a second step of arranging numerous pipe-shaped lens components in a row following an axis which extends parallel to the flat surface in the layer of liquid, and a third step of holding the pipe-shaped lens components between the surface of a second substrate having a flat surface and the flat surface of the first substrate, and filling the liquid in spaces formed by the exterior surface of the pipe-shaped lens components and the flat surface of the first substrate or the flat surface of the second substrate. The pipe-shaped lens components can be carbon nanotubes, and the liquid can be a mixture of a solvent and a lubricant such as silicon grease which has had its viscosity reduced.