Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems establish an optical surface shape that mitigates or treats presbyopia in a particular patient. The combination of distance vision and near vision in a patient can be improved, often based on input patient parameters such as pupil size, residual accommodation, and power need. Iterative optimization may generate a customized corrective optical shape for the patient.

Abstract: Wavefront measurements of eyes are typically taken when the pupil is in a first configuration in an evaluation context. The results can be represented by a set of basis function coefficients. Prescriptive treatments are often applied in a treatment context, which is different from the evaluation context. Hence, the patient pupil can be in a different, second configuration, during treatment. Systems and methods are provided for determining a transformed set of basis function coefficients, based on a difference between the first and second configurations, which can be used to establish the vision treatment.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for treating and/or determining appropriate prescriptions for one or both eyes of a patient are particularly well-suited for addressing presbyopia, often in combination with concurrent treatments of other vision defects. High-order spherical aberration may be imposed in one or both of a patient's eyes, often as a controlled amount of negative spherical aberration extending across a pupil. A desired presbyopia-mitigating quantity of high-order spherical aberration may be defined by one or more spherical Zernike coefficients, which may be combined with Zernike coefficients generated from a wavefront aberrometer. The resulting prescription can be imposed using refractive surgical techniques such as laser eye surgery, using intraocular lenses and other implanted structures, using contact lenses, using temporary or permanent corneal reshaping techniques, and/or the like.

Abstract: The present invention generally provides improved devices, systems, and methods for measuring characteristics of at least one eye, and particularly for measuring the physiological changes in eyes under different viewing conditions. An exemplary embodiment provides a pupilometer which measures any changes in location of a pupil center with changes in viewing distances. As the eye often moves significantly during viewing, the pupil center location will often be measured relative to a convenient reference of the eye such as an outer iris boundary. Pupil size may also be recorded, and the measurements from both eyes of a patient may be taken simultaneously. Exemplary embodiments may be configured so as to allow the vergence angle between the eyes to vary with differing viewing distances, regardless of whether one or both eyes are being measured.

Abstract: An eye measurement system may include a target that moves transverse to an optical path from the target to eye, so as to relax accommodation of the lens of the eye. The target may move transverse to the optical path on a display. The patient may be fogged while the target moves transverse to the optical path, and the target may become smaller such that the patient perceives the target to be moving away from the patient. A pupil camera may measure eye position that can be correlated with the position of the target on the display to determine that the patient has maintained fixation on the moving target. A visible measurement light beam may be pulsed subsequent to and/or during motion of the target that relaxes accommodation of the eye so as to avoid visual interference of the measurement light beam with the target on the display.

Abstract: Systems and methods for treating a tissue of an eye with a laser beam include at least one processor that determines angles between a curved surface and a laser beam, controlling an ablative treatment in response to the angles. Angles between a surface of a cornea and a laser beam may be mapped over a treatment area. A mapped area may include an apex of a cornea displaced from a center of a pupil of an eye. Ablation properties may be determined locally in response to the incident angle of a laser beam with respect to a local slope of a tissue surface. The treatment area may be ablated using local ablation properties to form a desired surface shape.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods, systems and software for scaling optical aberration measurements of optical systems. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of reconstructing optical tissues of an eye. The method comprises transmitting an image through the optical tissues of the eye. Aberration data from the transmitted image is measured across the optical tissues of the eye at a first plane. A conversion algorithm is applied to the data, converting it to corrective optical power data that can be used as a basis for constructing a treatment for the eye at a second plane.

Abstract: Systems and methods for treating a tissue of an eye with a laser beam include at least one processor that determines angles between a curved surface and a laser beam, controlling an ablative treatment in response to the angles. Angles between a surface of a cornea and a laser beam may be mapped over a treatment area. A mapped area may include an apex of a cornea displaced from a center of a pupil of an eye. Ablation properties may be determined locally in response to the incident angle of a laser beam with respect to a local slope of a tissue surface. The treatment area may be ablated using local ablation properties to form a desired surface shape.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for determining an optical surface model for an optical tissue system of an eye are provided. Techniques include inputting a Fourier transform of optical data from the optical tissue system, inputting a conjugate Fourier transform of a basis function surface, determining a Fourier domain sum of the Fourier transform and the conjugate Fourier transform, calculating an estimated basis function coefficient based on the Fourier domain sum, and determining the optical surface model based on the estimated basis function coefficient. The approach is well suited for employing Fourier transform in wavefront reconstruction using Zernike representation.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems establish an optical surface shape that mitigates or treats a vision condition in a patient. An optical surface shape for a particular patient can be determined using a set of patient parameters for the specific patient by using a compound modulation transfer function (CMTF). The compound modulation transfer function can include a combination of modulation transfer functions (MTF's) at a plurality of distinct frequencies.

Abstract: A slit lamp for illuminating an eye comprises several LEDs electrically coupled to an LED driver. A user input accepts input for a length, a width and an intensity of a shaped beam of light. An LED driver selectively drives a set of LEDs of an LED array to form a shaped light beam having a desired size across a beam cross-section. In some embodiments, several optical fibers at a first end of a fiber optic manifold are optically coupled to LEDs of an LED array, and an optic is placed near a second end of a fiber optic manifold. Several ends of optical fibers of the fiber optic manifold are optically coupled to the set of selectively driven LEDs, and are arranged so as to form the shaped light beam having a desired size across the beam cross-section.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems establish an optical surface shape that mitigates or treats presbyopia in a particular patient. The combination of distance vision and near vision in a patient can be improved, often based on input patient parameters such as pupil size, residual accommodation, and power need. Iterative optimization may generate a customized corrective optical shape for the patient.

Abstract: A sterile hand held slit lamp for laser refractive surgery includes a charging base that charges a battery while a hand held slit lamp is positioned thereon. A sterile supple cover is positioned over a slit lamp handle while supported by the charging base. A sterile gloved operator grasps the slit lamp handle covered by the sterile cover and illuminates an eye with a slit lamp beam. In many embodiments, an operating microscope provides a view of the eye to an operator while the slit lamp beam illuminates the eye. Operator adjustable controls located on the slit lamp handle are manipulated through a sterile cover and control a length, a width and an intensity of the slit lamp beam. An operator wearing sterile gloves adjusts a position of a piece of tissue near an incision, and removes debris from a surgical incision in tissue after viewing the eye illuminated with the hand held slit lamp beam.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and software for determining a set of analytical or numerical polynomials that is orthonormal over circular or noncircular pupils are described. Closed-form orthonormal polynomials for circular, annular, hexagonal, elliptical, rectangular, and square pupils are derived. Such techniques can be applied to ray tracing as in the optical design and wavefront fitting from measurement as in the optical testing. These approaches can also be applied to wavefront reconstruction in adaptive optics.

Abstract: Devices systems, and methods can characterize an optical surface of an object. A wavefront sensor system focuses light energy propagating from the object to form a pattern on a detector. The system maps the pattern to an array with a transform function such as a Fourier transform. The values of array correspond to characteristic locations and signals in a transform space, for example an intensity of spatial frequency signals in frequency space. The characteristic location and intensity of these signals in transform space are used to measure the optical surface. For example, a characteristic frequency of a spatial frequency intensity peak in Fourier transform space can be used to estimate the location of spots on the detector. Alternatively, the characteristics can be used to the measure sphere, cylinder and axis of a wavefront, wavefront elevation maps and point spread functions, often without locating positions of individual spots on the detector.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems for predicting an optical acuity measure of an optical system of an eye. An optical acuity measure can be predicted by determining a point spread function based on a wavefront measurement of an eye, convolving a resolution target with the point spread function to produce an image, and predicting the optical acuity measure of the optical system of the eye based on the image.

Abstract: A slit lamp for illuminating an eye comprises several LEDs electrically coupled to an LED driver. A user input accepts input for a length, a width and an intensity of a shaped beam of light. An LED driver selectively drives a set of LEDs of an LED array to form a shaped light beam having a desired size across a beam cross-section. In some embodiments, several optical fibers at a first end of a fiber optic manifold are optically coupled to LEDs of an LED array, and an optic is placed near a second end of a fiber optic manifold. Several ends of optical fibers of the fiber optic manifold are optically coupled to the set of selectively driven LEDs, and are arranged so as to form the shaped light beam having a desired size across the beam cross-section.

Abstract: Systems and methods orient sensors of an optical system that measures aberrations of an eye. The aberration measurement system may include an optical aberration sensor and an eye image sensor. An asymmetric feature can be imposed in an optical beam path so as to introduce artifacts at the sensors. The optical aberration sensor is often oriented relative to an eye image sensor in response to the asymmetric feature of an optical beam path. In some embodiments, a tool supported by a rail imposes the asymmetric feature on the optical beam path. Aberrations of the eye are measured along the optical beam path with an optical aberration sensor while an eye image sensor forms an image of a tissue structure of the eye positioned along the beam optical path. An aberration correcting shape is identified and ablated in corneal tissue with a laser.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for determining an optical surface model for an optical tissue system of an eye are provided. Techniques include inputting a Fourier transform of optical data from the optical tissue system, inputting a conjugate Fourier transform of a basis function surface, determining a Fourier domain sum of the Fourier transform and the conjugate Fourier transform, calculating an estimated basis function coefficient based on the Fourier domain sum, and determining the optical surface model based on the estimated basis function coefficient. The approach is well suited for employing Fourier transform in wavefront reconstruction using Zernike representation.

Abstract: A sterile hand held slit lamp for laser refractive surgery includes a charging base that charges a battery while a hand held slit lamp is positioned thereon. A sterile supple cover is positioned over a slit lamp handle while supported by the charging base. A sterile gloved operator grasps the slit lamp handle covered by the sterile cover and illuminates an eye with a slit lamp beam. In many embodiments, an operating microscope provides a view of the eye to an operator while the slit lamp beam illuminates the eye. Operator adjustable controls located on the slit lamp handle are manipulated through a sterile cover and control a length, a width and an intensity of the slit lamp beam. An operator wearing sterile gloves adjusts a position of a piece of tissue near an incision, and removes debris from a surgical incision in tissue after viewing the eye illuminated with the hand held slit lamp beam.