Abstract: An improved redox battery energy storage system is disclosed for reducing oxygen gas levels and separating oxygen gas from hydrogen gas, thus reducing the likelihood of flammable gas explosions. The system includes at least one cell, which includes a positive compartment having positive solution, a negative compartment having negative solution, and a membrane separating the positive and negative compartments. A positive reservoir is in fluid communication with the cell's positive compartment, the positive reservoir defining a positive vent space for positive gas, which includes oxygen. A negative reservoir is in fluid communication with the cell's negative compartment, the negative reservoir defining a negative vent space. A return line is in fluid communication with the negative compartment and the negative reservoir to return the negative solution from the cell to the negative reservoir through the negative vent space.

Abstract: An electrochemical battery includes a plurality of cells, each cell including negative and positive compartments to contain electrolyte solution. A manifold includes an outer manifold plate coupled to an inner manifold plate to supply and return electrolyte solution to the compartments. Each manifold plate includes supply shunt passages to convey electrolyte solution to the cells and return shunt passages to receive electrolyte solution from the cells.

Abstract: An improved redox battery energy storage system is disclosed for reducing oxygen gas levels and separating oxygen gas from hydrogen gas, thus reducing the likelihood of flammable gas explosions. The system includes at least one cell, which includes a positive compartment having positive solution, a negative compartment having negative solution, and a membrane separating the positive and negative compartments. A positive reservoir is in fluid communication with the cell's positive compartment, the positive reservoir defining a positive vent space for positive gas, which includes oxygen. A negative reservoir is in fluid communication with the cell's negative compartment, the negative reservoir defining a negative vent space. A return line is in fluid communication with the negative compartment and the negative reservoir to return the negative solution from the cell to the negative reservoir through the negative vent space.

Abstract: A self-healing power grid control system includes a power grid having a plurality of network islands with a plurality of linear and non-linear loads. A plurality of control sensors communicate with the power grid to monitor the electrical characteristics of the power grid. A plurality of controlled relays are in electrical communication with the plurality of non-linear loads. A battery energy storage system (ESS) is in electrical communication with a main power source and a network island. A first restoration controller is in electrical communication with the control sensors, the controlled relays, and with the battery ESS. The first restoration controller receives control signals from the control sensors, and in response to detecting an irregularity in the power grid, automatically actuates the battery ESS to stabilize power to the linear loads, and disconnects selected controlled relays to disconnect power to a calculated percentage of the non-linear loads.

Abstract: A power generation system includes a vanadium redox battery that interfaces with a control system to optimize performance and efficiency. The power generation system may include one or more wind turbine generators and one or more diesel fuel generators. The control system manages the vanadium redox battery's absorption and power generation to control system stability and system frequency. The control system further manages the operation of the wind turbine generators and diesel fuel generators to control system stability and voltage.

Abstract: A self-healing power grid control system includes a power grid having a plurality of network islands with a plurality of linear and non-linear loads. A plurality of control sensors communicate with the power grid to monitor the electrical characteristics of the power grid. A plurality of controlled relays are in electrical communication with the plurality of non-linear loads. A battery energy storage system (ESS) is in electrical communication with a main power source and a network island. A first restoration controller is in electrical communication with the control sensors, the controlled relays, and with the battery ESS. The first restoration controller receives control signals from the control sensors, and in response to detecting an irregularity in the power grid, automatically actuates the battery ESS to stabilize power to the linear loads, and disconnects selected controlled relays to disconnect power to a calculated percentage of the non-linear loads.

Abstract: A power generation system with a predetermined rating limit includes one or more wind turbine generators and a vanadium redox battery. The vanadium redox battery absorbs excess energy to ensure that the rating limit is not exceeded, provide system stability, and improve power generation availability. The power generation system may further include a control system to manage the vanadium redox battery's absorption and power generation to control system stability and system frequency.

Abstract: A vanadium redox battery energy storage system is disclosed. The system may include a battery cell stack having at least one cell having a catholyte solution, a positive electrode in communication with the catholyte solution, an anolyte solution, a negative electrode in communication with the anolyte solution, and an anion exchange membrane separating the catholyte solution from the anolyte solution. Another cell in the cell stack includes a cation exchange membrane instead of an anion exchange membrane. A cell stack having a combination of cation and anion exchange membranes is configured to restrict net water shift, net vanadium transport and net change of proton and sulfate concentrations in the anolyte and catholyte solutions.

Abstract: A self-healing power grid control system includes a power grid having a plurality of network islands with a plurality of linear and non-linear loads. A plurality of control sensors communicate with the power grid to monitor the electrical characteristics of the power grid. A plurality of controlled relays are in electrical communication with the plurality of non-linear loads. A battery energy storage system (ESS) is in electrical communication with a main power source and a network island. A first restoration controller is in electrical communication with the control sensors, the controlled relays, and with the battery ESS. The first restoration controller receives control signals from the control sensors, and in response to detecting an irregularity in the power grid, automatically actuates the battery ESS to stabilize power to the linear loads, and disconnects selected controlled relays to disconnect power to a calculated percentage of the non-linear loads.

Abstract: A telecommunication system incorporates a vanadium redox battery energy storage system. The vanadium redox battery energy storage system receives and is charged by DC power. Upon power interruption, telecommunication equipment relies on the vanadium redox battery energy storage system to receive DC power. A charger/rectifier monitors received AC power to determine if an AC power interruption is occurring and initiates DC power transmission from the vanadium redox battery energy storage system to the telecommunication equipment.

Abstract: A power generation system with a predetermined rating limit includes one or more wind turbine generators and a vanadium redox battery. The vanadium redox battery absorbs excess energy to ensure that the rating limit is not exceeded, provide system stability, and improve power generation availability. The power generation system may further include a control system to manage the vanadium redox battery's absorption and power generation to control system stability and system frequency.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing a high energy density (HED) electrolyte solution for use in an all-vanadium redox cell, a high energy density electrolyte solution, in particular an all-vanadium high energy density electrolyte solution, a redox cell, in particular an all-vanadium redox cell, comprising the high energy density electrolyte solution, a redox battery, in particular an all-vanadium redox battery, comprising the HED electrolyte solution, a process for recharging a discharged or partially discharged redox battery, in particular an all-vanadium redox battery, comprising the HED electrolyte solution, a process for the production of electricity from a charged redox battery, and in particular a charged all-vanadium redox battery, comprising the HED electrolyte, a redox battery/fuel cell and a process for the production of electricity from a redox battery/fuel cell.