Abstract: A method for recovering much of the carbon and chlorine value in the heavy ends and other undesired by-products formed during the production of a C3 or higher polychlorinated alkane through the reaction of carbon tetrachloride with an olefine or chlorinated olefine, the improvement comprising the step of first separating the heavy ends and any other higher or lower boiling chlorohydrocarbon impurities from most of the desired product, and subjecting the separated heavy ends and impurities therewith to a high temperature exhaustive chlorination to produce carbon tetrachloride, tetrachloroethene, and minor amounts of hexachlorobutadiene and hexachlorobenzene by-products.

Abstract: A process for economically producing 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane under conditions which preserve the activity of the catalyst. In a preferred embodiment, a two-stage distillation process is employed. In the two-stage process, the size of the equipment, temperature and vacuum are varied.

Abstract: A composition useful as a blowing agent having no flash point or reduced combustibility comprising 2-chloropropane and a gas selected from the group consisting of a fluorohydrocarbon, perfluorocarbons, fluoroethers, hydrofluoropolyethers and mixtures thereof is disclosed. A polyisocyanurate foam or a polyurethane modified polyisocyanurate foam having a mainly closed cell structure and also a method for preparing this foam, the latter comprising closed cells wherein a foam blowing agent consisting of a mixture of 2-chloropropane and one or more HFC compounds including pentafluoropropane, pentafluorobutane, heptafluoropropane, hexafluoropropane or pentafluoroethane are disclosed. Pentanes can be added if desired. Azeotropic mixtures in which 2-chloropropane is an ingredient are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for reducing the amount of silicon in brine. More specifically the silicon content of the brine is reduced to 1 ppm or less by using low caustic excess. The disclosed process can also be characterized as lowering sodium hydroxide excess (caustic excess) while maintaining the sodium carbonate level thereby obtaining a brine with a low level of silicon. A further purification step employs a sludge blanket.

Abstract: Preparing isopropyl chloride (2-chloropropane) employing propylene, hydrochloric acid and ferric chloride catalyst in an isopropyl chloride solution at effective temperatures and pressure to produce 2-chloropropane. The amount of ferric chloride catalyst is less than that conventionally employed and the temperature and pressure are greater than conventionally employed.

Abstract: A dry disinfectant composition for the production of aqueous solutions of chlorine dioxide of predetermined concentration is formulated of a mixture of lithium hypochlorite, sodium bisulfate and sodium chlorite. Special liquid and dry formulations are also contemplated for convenience of use, for quality assurance and for safety.

Abstract: Provided is a method and system for separating heavy ends from a halogenated alkane in a waste stream. The method includes: (a) removing a bottom fraction containing heavy ends from a catalyst recovery unit and conveying the bottom fraction to a vessel; (b) introducing steam into the bottom fraction containing heavy ends; (c) removing a halogenated alkane vapor and a water vapor from the waste treatment unit; (d) condensing the halogenated alkane and water vapors; and (e) separating the halogenated alkane phase and water phase from the heavy ends.

Abstract: A process is provided for the stabilization of polychlorinated alkanes against dehydrochlorination. The process comprises adding a phenol compound to a polychlorinated alkane such that the dehydrochlorination of the polychlorinated alkane is suppressed when heated in the presence of iron(III). In a preferred embodiment, the process comprises the prevention or reduction of dehydrochlorination of 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane when heated in the presence of iron(III) contamination by the addition of monomethyl ether hydroquinone. In another embodiment, the long term storage stability of polychlorinated alkanes against dehydrochlorination is improved due to the addition of a phenol compound.

Abstract: A process is provided by which addition of water is used to enhance the production of any hydrochlorocarbon feedstock through the use of Kharasch chemistry, i.e. the combination of a polychlorinated alkane with an olefin to produce a chlorinated or hydrochlorinated alkane with the use of a transition metal compound in homogeneous solution as catalyst. Preferably, water is added to increase the production of 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane by the reaction of carbon tetrachloride and vinyl chloride in the presence of a catalyst mixture of organo phosphate solvent, iron metal and ferric chloride.

Abstract: A composition useful as a blowing agent having no flash point or reduced combustibility comprising 2-chloropropane and a gas selected from the group consisting of a fluorohydrocarbon, perfluorocarbons, fluoroethers, hydrofluoropolyethers and mixtures thereof is disclosed. A polyisocyanurate foam or a polyurethane modified polyisocyanurate foam having a mainly closed cell structure and also a method for preparing this foam, the latter comprising closed cells wherein a foam blowing agent consisting of a mixture of 2-chloropropane and one or more HFC compounds including pentafluoropropane, pentafluorobutane, heptafluoropropane, hexafluoropropane or pentafluoroethane are disclosed. Pentanes can be added if desired. Azeotropic mixtures in which 2-chloropropane is an ingredient are disclosed.

Abstract: High concentration chlorine dioxide gel compositions are prepared for disinfectant, deodorizing and for like uses. The preferred gel compositions are prepared from xanthan, guar or like gums.

Abstract: Ascorbic acid or one of its isomers, such as erythorbic acid is added in sufficient quantities to a chlorite-containing solution to rid the solution of chlorite. Sufficient ascorbic acid is added to the chlorite-containing solution to convert the chlorite to chloride. Industrial processes employing this process are disclosed.

Abstract: Ascorbic acid or one of its isomers, such as erythorbic acid is added in sufficient quantities to a chlorite-containing solution to rid the solution of chlorite. Sufficient ascorbic acid is added to the chlorite-containing solution to convert the chlorite to chloride. Industrial processes employing this process are disclosed.

Abstract: A novel method and apparatus for photometrically analyzing a dilute solution containing chlorine dioxide is provided. The method includes introducing a sample flow into a conduit of a chlorine dioxide analyzer. At least one light emitting diode, in communication with the sample flow, is turned on and off to pass a light beam through the sample. Upon passing through the light beam through the sample the unabsorbed light is received onto a beam splitter which separates the light into a transmitted and a reflected light. The transmitted light is directed through a filter to a first detector which measures the low concentration chlorine dioxide and the reflected light is directed to a second detector which measures a high concentration of chlorine dioxide.

Abstract: A dry disinfectant composition for the production of aqueous solutions of chlorine dioxide is formulated of a mixture of lithium hypochlorite, sodium bisulfate and sodium chlorite.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for generating chlorine dioxide. Reagents are introduced into the lower end of a reaction column through "V" inlets. The reagent column surrounds a center column through which motive fluid moves upwardly into a nozzle and venturi throat to produce a zone of reduced pressure at the upper end of the reaction column. The reagents move upwardly through the column interacting throughout 360.degree.. Reaction product exits the generator through the venturi throat.

Abstract: The present invention uses a new approach to generating chlorine dioxide. This approach is the use of two vessel system in which the first vessel is of a structure which enables operation to create substantially isothermal incomplete reaction conditions and in which the second vessel is of a structure to enable operation to generate a continuous decreasing temperature gradient from bottom to top thereof for substantially-completing that reaction.

Abstract: An improvement is provided in a process for the preferential removal of chlorine from an aqueous solution of chlorine dioxide and chlorine which has been prepared by the process of reducing a chlorate with a reducing agent in a strong acid, and wherein the gases produced thereby are dissolved in water. The improvement comprises the step of adding hydrogen peroxide, oxalic acid or a salt of oxalic acid, to a cool (i.e. at a temperature of about 0.degree. C. to about 25.degree. C.) aqueous solution of the chlorine within a period of less than 2.5 hours dioxide and chlorine. Substantially all of the chlorine is destroyed with almost no destruction of the chlorine dioxide.

Abstract: A superior catalyst for the oxychlorination of C.sub.2 hydrocarbon feeds comprises a mixture of copper chloride and alkali metal chloride, for instance, potassium chloride, and preferably also magnesium chloride, which mixture is deposited on an alumina support having a surface area in excess of 20 and less than 100 m.sup.2 /g. The thermal stability of such a catalyst composition can be further improved by incorporating 0.2 to 5 percent silica in the alumina support. The use of such microspheroidal catalyst in the production of perchloroethylene and trichloroethylene by oxychlorination of a C.sub.2 hydrocarbon feed in a fluidized bed reactor results in particularly good process efficiencies in terms of high HCl conversion, and good flexible selectivity to specifically desired product, reduced burning, long on-stream times, and relatively low corrosion rates.