Abstract: The addition of a small amount of hydrazine or a derivative or salt thereof serves to inhibit the corrosive effect of caustic such as sodium hydroxide on metal surfaces during the manufacture of the caustic or in processes using same. For instance, aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions having hydrazine or a derivative or salt thereof added thereto in an effective concentration in the range of from as little as about 2 ppm or less and up to about 1000 ppm, preferably of from about 2 to about 200 ppm, and most preferably from about 3 to about 40 ppm, can be concentrated by evaporation in nickel or nickel alloy equipment at temperatures as high as 150.degree.-175.degree. C. without causing undue corrosion.

Abstract: A mixture of stannic and chloride ions having a chloride to tin ratio of at least 4:1 (e.g., stannic anion complexes) is provided to the cathode compartment of an electrolysis cell in which the anode and cathode compartments are separated by a cationic permselective membrane. The anolyte is a mineral acid or tin salt thereof. Operation of the electrolysis cell results in the production of stannous anion complexes which may be treated to obtain stannous chloride products.

Abstract: An improved electrotinplating process and electroplating bath therefor is disclosed. The electroplating bath contains tin ions, an alkali metal hydroxide, and a bismuth compound selected from the group consisting of at least one alkali metal bismuth salt of a linear polyhydroxymonocarboxylic acid having at least six carbon atoms, at least one alkali metal bismuthyl compound of glucono-delta-lactone, and mixtures thereof. The alkali metal bismuth compounds of this invention exhibit increased solubility and long-term stability in hot alkaline alkali metal stannate electroplating baths when compared to conventional alkali metal bismuthates. A preferred alkali metal bismuth compound is an alkali metal bismuthyl gluconate. An improved electrotinplating process is therefore provided which produces a plated tin-bismuth alloy which is resistant to the effects of tin pest.

Abstract: Polychlorinated phenols (e.g., pentachlorophenol) of improved color are made by vacuum distilling polychlorinated phenols containing dark color-forming impurities in the presence of a color inhibitor such as free radical-acting substances (e.g., free radical-acting compounds of the phenol, hydroquinone, organic sulfur derivative, organic phosphite, amine and aldehyde type). In addition, the chlorodioxin content of the impure pentachlorophenol (generally about) 2,000 p.p.m.) is reduced to a residual chlorodioxin content of less than 25 p.p.m. during distillation.

Abstract: High purity hydrogen chloride is recovered from a gaseous product stream consisting essentially of hydrogen chloride and at least one chlorinated hydrocarbon of from one to two carbon atoms, such as the chloromethanes, by a process which has significantly lowered refrigeration requirements, thus resulting in savings of energy and materials.

Abstract: Substantially all of the chlorine values, e.g., chlorine, are recovered from reactant feeds of chlorinated organic compounds, e.g., hexachlorobenzene and hexachlorobutadiene, by an improved process involving catalytic oxidation at temperatures below 500.degree. C and more typically below about 450.degree. C using a catalyst of a chromium salt or oxide impregnated on a support.

Abstract: Substantially all of the chlorine values, e.g., chlorine, are recovered from reactant feeds of chlorinated organic compounds, e.g., hexachlorobenzene and hexachlorobutadiene, by catalytic oxidation at temperatures below about 500.degree. C through the use of transition metal-containing supported catalysts, preferably copper-exchanged zeolite A, X or Y.

Abstract: Water-extended polyesteramides are produced by forming a water-in-oil emulsion of the polyesteramide and thereafter curing the polyesteramide emulsion. When halogen-containing polyesteramides are used, a synergistic fire-retardancy effect is achieved. Substantially water-insoluble metal oxides, such as zinc oxide and magnesium oxide, are used as emulsifying agents to produce room temperature curable polyesteramide and polyester emulsions which, after curing, have desirable hardness and fire-retardancy characteristics.