Abstract: Process for the preparation of methyl chloride, which comprises reacting methanol with hydrogen chloride in a concentration below the particular ageotropic concentration in the liquid phase in the presence of an amine hydrohalide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of .beta.-ketocarboxylic acid esters of the general formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 C atoms, R.sup.2 is an alkyl radical or alkenyl radical having 2 to 15 C atoms or a phenyl radical and R.sup.3 is hydrogen or an alkyl or alkenyl radical having 1 to 6 C atoms, characterized in that acetocarboxylic acid esters of the general formula ##STR2## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are as defined, are reacted with calcium hydroxide or calcium oxide in the presence of an organic solvent and in the absence of water, the calcium chelate complexes formed are acylated with carboxylic acid chloride and the products are then cleaved with aqueous ammonium salt solution to form the .beta.-ketocarboxylic acid esters of formula (I).The .beta.

Abstract: A process is provided for the production of a graft copolymer by means of emulsion polymerization. The graft base used is a sulfonate group-containing vinyl ester/ethylene latex which is stabilized exclusively by an anionic emulsifier (CMC.gtoreq.0.5% by weight in H.sub.2 O) and is grafted, preferably with vinyl chloride, without further addition of emulsifier or protective colloid. The graft copolymers according to the invention have good water resistance and very good thermoplastic processability. They are useful as impact modifiers and for the production of articles, such as, soft to semi-hard moldings.

Abstract: A process for preparing an elastomer-containing vinyl chloride graft copolymer having an elastomer content of up to 65% by weight. The process comprises forming a mixture of an elastomer dispersion, water, buffer and initiator, adding a precipitating agent; after precipitation has occurred, metering into the mixture the grafting monomer and a protective colloid; and then subjecting the mixture to suspension polymerization conditions. The graft copolymeric material is useful as an impact modifier or as plasticizer-free flexible PVC.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (1) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 have the meanings given in the description, and the other radicals have the following meanings:X, Y and Z denote identical or different divalent radicals --O--, --S--, --N(R.sup.9)-- or --C(R.sup.10).dbd.C(R.sup.11)--, with the proviso that at least one of the radicals, X, Y and Z is not a radical of the formula --C(R.sup.10).dbd.C(R.sup.11)--, and whereinR.sup.9 is a hydrogen atom, a branched or unbranched C.sub.1 - to C.sub.8 -alkyl radical or an optionally substituted phenyl radical, andR.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are, in each case, identical or different radicals which have one of the meanings of R.sup.1,R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 denote identical or different radicals, that is to say hydrogen atoms or C.sub.1 - to C.sub.6 -alkyl or phenyl radicals, andn, m and o denote identical or different integers with a value of from 1 to 10.

Abstract: A catalyst system for the preparation of 1,2-dichloroethane by reacting ethylene and chlorine in a solvent, if desired, in the presence of an inhibitor for reducing the formation of byproducts. The catalyst system comprises a phenolate/chlorine complex. The invention also relates to a process for the chlorination of ethylene using indicated catalyst system.

Abstract: Novel siloxane copolymers are described having an average of at least two alkenyloxy groups of the formula--OCHR.sup.2 CR.sup.2 .dbd.CH.sub.2,in which R.sup.2 represents hydrogen or a methyl radical.These siloxane copolymers are prepared by reacting an organic compound (1) containing more than two aliphatic double bonds of the formula OCHR.sup.2 CR.sup.2 .dbd.CH.sub.2 where R.sup.2 is the same as above, with an organopolysiloxane (2) having at least one Si-bonded hydrogen atom per molecule in the presence of a catalyst (3) which promotes addition of the Si-bonded hydrogen to an aliphatic double bond. The resultant siloxane copolymers may be crosslinked with organopolysiloxane containing Si-bonded hydrogen in the presence of hydrosilylation catalysts.

Abstract: A carrier catalyst containing copper and alkali ions on an annular carrier of surface-active material is defined by the dimensions of the carrier body and the porosity of the finished catalyst. Its total pore volume is 0.6-1.0 ml/g, pores smaller than 4 nm diameter are not present, pores of 8-20 nm diameter constitute at least 80% of the total pore volume and the remainder consists of macropores with a diameter greater than 20 nm (i.e., up to 200 nanometers). The catalyst is suitable for the production of 1,2-dichloroethane by means of the oxychlorination of ethylene.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of organopolysilanes which comprises reacting at least one disilane of the general formulaR.sub.k R.sup.3.sub.m Si.sub.2 (OR.sup.1).sub.6-k-m (I)in which the radicals R may be the same or different and are hydrogen atoms or monovalent, saturated organic radicals, the radicals R.sup.3 may be the same or different and are monovalent, unsaturated organic radicals, the radicals R.sup.1 may be the same or different and are monovalent alkyl groups, k is 0, 1, 2 or 3, and m is 1, 2, 3 or 4, in which the sum of k and m is less than or equal to 4, and optionally mixed with a disilane of the formulaR.sub.n Si.sub.2 (OR.sup.1).sub.6-n (II)in which R and R.sup.1 are the same as above and n is 0, 1, 2 or 3, in the presence of at least one compound of the general formulaMOR.sup.2 (III)in which R.sup.2 is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical and M is an alkali metal atom.

Abstract: The Thermocurable compositions which contain(A) at least one mercaptoalkyl-containing compound which contains at least two SiC-bonded radicals per molecule of the general formulaHS--R.sup.2 -- (I)where R.sup.2 represents a divalent hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 8 carbon atom(s) per radical, selected from the group consisting mercaptoalkyl-containing organopolysiloxanes and cocondensates of mercaptoalkyl-containing organosilicon compounds containing groups capable of condensation, and hydroxyl-containing organic compounds,(B) at least one vinyl-containing compound which is compatible with constituent (A) and contains at least two groups per molecule of the general formulaR.sup.4 CH.dbd.CR.sup.3 C(O)O-- (II)where R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical, and R.sup.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel organopolysiloxanes which contain sulfosuccinate groups and consist of average units of the general formula ##EQU1## in which R is the same or different monovalent hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 18 carbon atom(s) per radical or monovalent halogenated hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 18 carbon atom(s) per radical, Z is a radical of the formula ##STR1## in which Y represents a radical of the formula ##STR2## R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atom(s) per radical, M.sup.+ represents a hydrogen ion and/or an alkali metal ion or an ammonium ion, a is 0 or 1, with an average of from 0.03 to 1.0, b is 0, 1, 2 or 3, with an average of from 1.0 to 2.5, and the sum of a+b is no greater than 3, with the proviso that the compound contains at least one radical Z per molecule.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I): ##STR1## in which A represents the same or different heteroaryl radicals and substituted heteroaryl radicals; B represents dihydroheteroarenediylidene radicals or substituted dihydroheteroarenediylidene radicals or radicals obtainable from these radicals by oxidation on at least one hetero atom; and R' and R" represent the same or different radicals, in particular hydrogen atoms, C.sub.1 - to C.sub.4 -alkyl radicals or radicals A, or cyano radicals, halogen atoms, radicals of the formula --COOR, or --OR, wherein R is a C.sub.1 - to C.sub.4 -alkyl radical, processes for preparing the same and polymers prepared therefrom.

Abstract: Crosslinkable compositions containing(1) An organopolysiloxane having alkenyloxy functional groups and containing Si-bonded radicals Y of the formula--(CH.sub.2).sub.2 --R.sup.1 --(A--R.sup.2).sub.z --O--R.sup.3 --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2,in whichA represents --O--, --S--or ##STR1## group, R.sup.1 represents a straight-chain or branched alkylene radical having from 1 to 7 carbon atoms per radical of a cycloalkylene radical having from 5 to 7 carbon atoms per radical,R.sup.2 represents a straight-chain or branched alkylene radical having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms per radical, which can be substituted by a hydroxyl group, methoxy group, ethoxy group or trimethylsiloxy group,R.sup.3 represents a straight-chain or branched alkylene radical having from 1 to 7 carbon atoms per radical, and z is 0, 1 or 2,(2) an organopolysiloxane containing Si-bonded hydrogen atoms, and(3) a catalyst which promotes the addition of Si-bonded hydrogen to an aliphatic double bond.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing spherical, monodispersed organopolysiloxanes, which comprises reacting an alkoxysilane of the general formula ##STR1## in which the R's are selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl or tert-butyl radicals, with water at a molar ratio of water to alkoxysilane of 40 moles:1 mole to 80 moles:1 mole, and a process for preparing spherical, monodispersed silicon oxycarbides from these organopolysiloxanes.

Abstract: A finely-divided, monomodal protective-colloid stabilized aqueous dispersion of a copolymer of at least 75% by weight of units of vinyl chloride and ethylene and optionally copolymerized with up to 25% by weight of units of additional monomers unsaturated at the ethylene bond and having a solids content of 45 to 70% by weight, characterized in that the dispersions are not partially flocculated, the polymer has a mean particle size of 150 to 500 nm measured as mean weight in a disc centrifuge and a polydispersion index of not more than 1.8 and less than 50% of the polymer particles are larger than 1,000 nm and a process for the preparation thereof using a single step radical polymerization of vinyl chloride, ethylene and optionally additional monomers such as vinyl esters useful as dispersion powders, adhesives, binders and concrete additives.

Abstract: Novel, alkenyloxy-functional organosilicon compounds are described which contain at least one Si-bonded Y radical per molecule having the formula--(CH.sub.2).sub.2 --R.sup.2 --(A--R.sup.3).sub.z --O--CH.dbd.CH--CH.sub.2 --R.sup.4 (I),in whichA represents --O--, --S-- or ##STR1## R.sup.2 represents a linear or branched alkylene radical having from 1 to 7 carbon atom(s) per radical or a cycloalkylene radical having from 5 to 7 carbon atoms per radical, R.sup.3 represents a linear or branched alkylene radical having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms per radical, which may be substituted by a hydroxyl group, methoxy group, ethoxy group or trimethylsiloxy group, R.sup.4 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms(s) per radical, and z is 0, 1 or 2.The alkenyloxy-functional organosilicon compounds are preferably silanes or organopolysiloxanes.The alkenyloxy-functional organopolysiloxanes can be crosslinked, for example, with ultraviolet light.

Abstract: The invention relates to a redispersible powder composition comprisinga) a base polymer from the group comprising vinyl ester polymers, styrene polymers, acrylate polymers and vinyl chloride polymers,b) 2 to 15% by weight, relative to the base polymer, of polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of hydrolysis of 85 to 94 mol % and a Hoppler viscosity of 2 to 25 mPa.multidot.s,c) 3 to 30% by weight, relative to the total weight of polymer components, of a fine antiblocking agent,d) 0.1 to 2% by weight, relative to the base polymer, of antifoams, which containse) 1 to 8% by weight, relative to the base polymer, of a fully hydrolyzed 1-alkylvinyl ester/vinyl ester copolymer having a Hoppler viscosity of 1 to 5 mPa.multidot.s. The redispersible composition according to the invention is suitable in particular for use in flowing, hydraulically setting leveling compounds.

Abstract: Novel organosilicon compounds containing alkenyl groups and comprising units of the average formula ##STR1## in which R and R.sup.1 are hydrocarbon containing groups, and A is a radical of the formula ##STR2## in which R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are hydrocarbon containing groups; x is 0 or 1; y is 0 or 1, with the proviso that the sum x+y is 1 or 2; a is 0 or 1, with an average of 0.003 to 1.0; b is 0, 1, 2 or 3, with an average of 0.0 to 3.0; c is 0, 1, 2 or 3; with an average of 0.0 to 3.0; and the sum a+b+c.ltoreq.4, with an average of 1.5 to 4.0, with the proviso that each molecule contains at least one A radical and a method for preparation of the novel compounds are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid esters using novel maleic acid esters as starting materials. In the process, in a first process step, 2,3-dihalomaleic acid esters are reacted with ammonia, or ammonium salts, with the exclusion of water at a temperature of at least 50.degree.0 C. to form novel 2-amino-3-halomaleic acid esters, and these are subsequently reacted further in a second process step with .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated aldehydes, or ketones, in the presence of an acidic catalyst and acid-binding agents at a temperature of at least 50.degree. C. with heat being supplied until the pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid esters have been formed. Pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid esters of this type can be used for example, as intermediates for synthesis of herbicides based on imidazoline. The present invention also relates to novel 2-amino-3-halomaleic acid esters, which are useful for producing the final product pyyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid esters.

Abstract: The invention related to coating compositions containing (poly)borosiloxanes, which contain at least one other component selected from lead, boron and aluminum compounds and talc, and to a process for preparing vitreous protective coatings, which can be applied to a substrate to be protected and then heat-treated to a temperature of at least 500.degree. C.